不同性别湖羊生长激素分泌特点的比较

6 头装有颈静脉插管的成年湖羊,雌雄各半,按性别分组,间隔 15 min 连续采取 3 h 的血样,用放射免疫分析法研究了不同性别湖羊生长激素的分泌特点。结果显示成年湖羊的生长激素呈脉冲式分泌;与雌性相比,雄性湖羊生长激素的总体水平高 179．60％(P＜0．01),基线水平高 124．84％(P＜0．01),峰强度高 272．80％(P＜0．01),3 h 峰频率则高一倍(P＜0．01)、而峰持续时间基本不变。以上结果表明湖羊生长激素的分泌有性别的差异,雄性湖羊生长激素分泌的量比雌性湖羊生长激素分泌的量高。     

Effects of a high-protein diet versus dietary supplementation with ammonium chloride on struvite crystal formation in urine of clinically normal cats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a high-protein diet versus dietary supplementation with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on struvite crystal formation in the urine of clinically normal cats by measuring the urine concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-insoluble sediment, urine pH, struvite activity product (SAP), number of struvite crystals in urine, and urine volume. ANIMALS: 23 healthy adult cats. PROCEDURE: Urine was fractionated by centrifugation with subsequent extraction of the sediment with 1 N HCl (study 1). Diets containing either 29% crude protein or 55% crude protein were fed to cats in a crossover trial of 3 weeks/period (study 2). Diets supplemented with either sodium chloride (NaCl) or NH4Cl were fed, by use of a 3 x 3 Latin-square design with 3 wk/period (study 3). In studies 2 and 3, urine samples were collected for the last 7 days of each period. RESULTS: The HCl-insoluble sediment contained Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP; study 1). The high-protein diet (study 2) and dietary supplementation with NH4Cl (study 3) resulted in a decrease in urine pH, SAP, and the number of struvite crystals in urine. However, the high-protein diet decreased urine concentrations of HCl-insoluble sediment containing THP (study 2), in contrast to the NH4Cl supplementation that increased urine volume without a significant effect on the urine concentration of the HCl-insoluble sediment (study 3). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate that compared with dietary supplementation with NH4Cl, the high-protein diet is preferable as a urine acidifier for the prevention of struvite crystal formation in clinically normal cats.     

低能离子束介导大豆DNA的小麦雄性不育变异体蛋白水解酶分析

离子束介导转基因技术[1,2]为远缘分子杂交育种开辟了一条新途径.近年来,这项技术引起了越来越多的育种工作者的关注和应用[3,4],我们运用这项技术,将大豆DNA导入小麦,在当代就获得了一批性状优良的新株系[4].通过对新材料的连续筛选,在第3代发现有个别材料分离出雄性不育变异株(见表1).我们利用复性电泳技术对雄性不育株和可     

临安山核桃林地土壤磷素状况及其淋失风险分析

以天目山地区临安市岛石镇下塔村和湍口镇湍口村发育于石灰岩的山核桃林地土壤为研究对象,采集林地表层（0～20 cm）土壤样品,用于评估长期施肥对山核桃林地土壤磷素状况的影响及其潜在的淋失风险。土壤分析表明：土壤Olsen\|P存在较大的空间变异,含量低的近于0 mg·kg-1,而最高的含量达 893 mg·kg-1。土壤CaCl2\|P与Olsen\|P相关分析显示,岛石镇和湍口镇土壤Olsen\|P的临界值分别为193和293 mg·kg-1。据此,岛石和湍口两地土壤发生磷淋失的林地分别占调查林地的30%和45%。表明研究区已经有相当数量的山核桃林地因土壤磷素积累而存在淋失风险,需要引起重视。     

小麦 Glu A1位点1亚基和Null亚基间品质效应的差异

为了解小麦Glu-A1位点1亚基和Null亚基间的品质效应差异,用郑麦9405/郑麦98//周麦16配制杂交组合,利用系谱法辅助生化标记连续多代选择后得到纯合的1亚基和Null亚基的近等基因系,并对近等基因系1亚基和Null亚基间的面筋特性和粉质特性进行了测定和分析.结果表明,对于面筋指数、形成时间、稳定时间和粉质质量指数,1亚基的贡献明显大于Null亚基,1亚基比Null亚基的面筋指数、形成时间、稳定时间和粉质质量指数分别提高9.79％、68.73％、25.89％和13.99％,成组数据的t测验显示差异达到极显著水平(P值分别为0.007、0.000、0.002和0.006),亚基效应为1亚基＞Null亚基;对于湿面筋含量、干面筋含量和吸水率,1亚基和Null亚基的贡献无明显差别,成组数据t检验显示差异不显著(0.978、0.654和0.206).     

低浓度NaHSO3对不同基因型小麦光合性能的影响

为了明确小麦对低浓度NaHSO3的响应及其机理,以京411和小偃54及其单粒传杂交后代稳定优选株系6号、7号和10号及扬麦14号和16号为材料,研究了不同基因型小麦光合性能对低浓度NaH-SO3的响应。结果表明,低浓度NaHSO3对小麦净光合速率(Pn)的影响在基因型间存在显著差异,极显著增加京411和扬麦16的Pn,显著增加扬麦14的Pn,而对其他基因型小麦的Pn影响不大。从小麦光合性能指标看,被低浓度NaHSO3促进指标和程度较多的基因型是京411和扬麦16,受影响程度较大的指标是气孔导度(Gs)和非荧光化学淬灭(qN)。推测,低浓度NaHSO3可能通过增加小麦叶片气孔导度和增强PSII的光保护能力来提高光合作用。     

Accumulation of cadmium by flax and linseed cultivars in field-simulated conditions: A potential for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils

The possibility of use of two technological types of Linum usitatissimum L., namely flax (grown for fibre) and linseed (grown for seed), for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from Cd-contaminated soil was studied. A four-year field-simulated experiment was carried out with 6 flax and 4 linseed cultivars in order to study organ accumulation of Cd by flax and linseed plants at artificial concentration range 10-1000 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil. The most Cd was accumulated by roots, followed by shoots, while reproductive parts (capsules and seeds) played comparably smaller role. The increasing soil Cd concentration resulted in increasing Cd accumulation by roots, while transport to above-ground plant parts was progresivelly inhibited. Even high soil Cd concentrations (1000 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil) had not dramatic negative effect on plant growth and development. Cultivar differences as well as the differences between both technological Linum types have been found in Cd accumulation (flax being better Cd accumulator than linseed). Nevertheless, the recorded variation between technological types and within cultivars is in multiples of Cd values (units of mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW), not in orders of magnitude as needed for practical phytoextraction. A significant year-to-year effect on plant growth/development resulting in high variation in Cd accumulation was observed. Flax cv. Jitka exhibited good transport of Cd from roots to above-ground parts, while flax cv. Merkur showed high retention of Cd in roots. Further, the contrasting cultivars in total Cd accumulation (high accumulating flax cv. Jitka versus low accumulating linseed cv. Jupiter) were selected for future experiments. The uptake of Cd by flax/ linseed from ha per season was calculated and the strategy for flax/linseed growing on heavy metal polluted soils with subsequent utilization of heavy metal-contaminated biomass is discussed.     

Replacing fish oil and astaxanthin by microalgal sources produced different metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets

Dietary fish oil supplementation provides n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids for supporting fish growth and metabolism and enriching fillet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; c22:6n-3). Two experiments were performed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 16 wk to determine effects and mechanisms of replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% fish oil with DHA-rich microalgae in combination with synthetic vs. microalgal source of astaxanthin in plant protein meal (PM)- or fishmeal (FM)- based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (22 ± 0.26 g) were stocked at 17/tank and 3 tanks/diet. The 100% fish oil replacement impaired (P < 0.0001) growth performance, dietary protein and energy utilization, body indices, and tissue accumulation of DHA and EPA in both diet series. The impairments were associated (P < 0.05) with upregulation of hepatic gene expression related to growth (ghr1and igf1) and biosynthesis of DHA and EPA (fads6 and evol5) that was more dramatic in the FM than PM diet-fed fish, and more pronounced on tissue EPA than DHA concentrations. The source of astaxanthin exerted interaction effects with the fish oil replacement on several measures including muscle total cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, replacing fish oil by the DHA-rich microalgae produced more negative metabolic responses than the substitution of synthetic astaxanthin by the microalgal source in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets.     

Pharmacokinetics and effects on clinical and physiological parameters following a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

The objectives of this study were (a) to establish a population pharmacokinetic model and (b) to investigate the clinical and physiological effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets. In Study 1, pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in six marmosets under sevoflurane anaesthesia. 8 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Blood samples were collected 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 min after starting propofol administration. Plasma concentration was measured, and population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. A two‐compartment model was selected as the final model. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: V₁ = 1.14 L, V₂ = 77.6 L, CL₁ = 0.00182 L/min, CL₂ = 0.0461 L/min. In Study 2, clinical and physiological parameters were assessed and recorded every 2 min after 12 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Immobilization was sustained for 5 min following propofol administration without apparent bradycardia. While combination of propofol and sevoflurane caused apnoea in Study 1, apnoea was not observed following single administration of propofol in Study 2. These data provide bases for further investigation on intravenous anaesthesia using propofol in common marmosets.     

Effect of potassium rate on growth,quality, chemical composition,and winter hardiness of perennial ryegrass

Seven potassium (K) rates (0, 50, 150, 350, 450, 550, and 650 kg K/ha) were used to determine the optimum rate of K for turf‐type perennial ryegrass during the winter based on turf growth, quality, and winter hardiness. Turf density, color, growth, and winter hardiness were increased as the rate of K application increased up to 350 kg K/ha. However, there were no beneficial effects of K application beyond that rate. Potassium content of the whole plant was 1.72% of the dry matter at the 350 kg K/ha rate. Calcium and Mg contents of the plant were reduced as the result of K application, and a reduction in growth and K content was detected at the higher K application rates. It is suggested that the optimum K rate for perennial ryegrass is about 350 kg K/ha under our experimental conditions in the winter, and that the K content should be about 1.72% of dry weight of whole plant.