III. Buchbesprechungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Lebensweise des grauen Fichtenwicklers,Cacoecia histrionana FROEL. (Lep., Tortric.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Der grüne Schildkäfer,Cassida viridis L., als Schädling der Pfefferminze in Bayern

Zusammenfassung Nach kurzer Darstellung der bekannten bionomischen Tatsachen wird die Abh?ngigkeit der Fra?menge von der Temperatur geprüft und eine Steigerung bei zunehmender W?rme nachgewiesen. Die weite Verbreitung des Schildk?fers in den Minzefeldern der Moore bei München h?ngt mit dem Vorkommen einer ursprünglichen Wirtspflanze (Mentha aquatica) zusammen. Eine gef?hrliche Massenvermehrung, die nach den Ern?hrungsverh?ltnissen zu erwarten w?re, wird durch starke Parasitierung und besonders durch zwei- bis dreimalige Ernte mit gleichzeitiger Vernichtung der meisten Tiere vermieden. z. Zt. im Felde Mit 6 Abbildungen     

Distribution of Road Salt Residues, Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons across a Highway-Forest Interface

Automobile traffic pollutes roadside environments with a range of contaminants. In this study, we investigate the distribution patterns of different contaminant classes in topsoils across a highway-forest interface north-east of Vienna, Austria, in order to assess spatial pollutant distribution and evaluate the filtering effect of roadside forests. We collected soil samples along transects perpendicular to the highway, and analyzed the soils for road salt residues (Na), total and mobile heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr) as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Roadside soil pollution was highly heterogeneous. All contaminants followed an exponential-like decrease with distance from the road, reaching background levels at 5 to 10 m from the road curb. Traffic-born heavy metals in the immediate roadside zone tended to be more mobile than heavy metals of predominantly geogenic origin at greater distances from the road; the presence of road salt residues could have contributed to the elevated heavy metal mobility near the road. The forest vegetation acted as filter for PAHs shown by a sharp concentration increase at the forest edge. PAHs are likely transported with airborne soot particles that are scavenged by the wax-coated coniferous needles at our study site.     

Morphological characterization of Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, eggs subjected to rapid post-ovulatory aging at 7 °C

Egg quality in Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, kept indoors at 7 °C during spawning season was morphologically classified. Four egg categories based on lipid droplet distributions and egg diameter were characterized. Eggs with homogenous lipid vesicle distributions and a uniform size were classified as Good. Eggs with some yolk lipid droplets coalesced toward one pole but were homogeneous in size were classified as Fair. Eggs with lipid vesicles that were usually coalesced at one or two poles with were classified as Poor. The fourth egg category was Heterogeneous, in which lipid vesicle distribution and egg size were inhomogeneous. This distribution pattern of the lipid vesicle had a strong relationship with the percentage of fertilized and eyed eggs. Percentages of fertilized and eyed eggs in Good and Fair eggs were 85.5 and 83.4; 30.2 and 28.2, respectively. With Poor and Heterogeneous eggs, the percentages of fertilized and eyed eggs were zero. Egg diameter and absolute weight was increased in Poor eggs than in other egg categories. Relative weight increase during hardening after 30, 45 and 60 min were higher in Good and Fair eggs than in Poor and Heterogeneous eggs. Ovarian fluid collected from egg batches with low rates of fertilized and eyed eggs (Heterogeneous and Poor) had a lower pH and higher protein and aspartate amino-transferase enzyme than ovarian fluid from eggs batches classified as Good or Fair, while the ovarian fluid osmolality did not significantly differ. ATP contents of Poor and Heterogeneous eggs were lower than for Good and Fair eggs. In Heterogeneous eggs, both ATP and acid phosphatase contents were very variable.