Absorption and translocation of 14C fosamine by three woody plant species

Absorption and translocation of ¹⁴C fosamine (ethyl hydrogen (aminocarbonyl) phosphonate) and/or fosamine metabolites were monitored in intermediately susceptible seedling black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and resistant seedling rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) and magnolia (Magnolia sp.). The mid two-thirds of the third leaf below the apical bud of each plant was treated with 0·5 μCi ¹⁴C fosamine (carbonyl carbon labelled). Plants were harvested 3, 7 and 14 days following treatment. In black cherry the majority of ¹⁴C absorption and translocation occurred during the second week following treatment, while magnolia and rhododendron translocated and absorbed most of the ¹⁴C within 3 days after treatment. Retention of ¹⁴C in the treated portion of the treated leaf did not differ between species. However, total translocated ¹⁴C was greatest in black cherry, less in magnolia, und minimal in rhododendron. Magnolia translocated ¹⁴C basipetally, while black cherry translocated acropetally, as well as basipetally. Absorpiion et migration de la fosamine ¹⁴C chez trois espèces de plantes ligneuses L'absorptlon et la migration de La ¹⁴C fosamine ((amino carbonyl) phosphonate d'éthyle hydrogène) et/ou de ses métabolites, ont étéétudiées chez des plantules moyennement sensibles de Prunus serotina (Ehrh.) et chez des plantules résistantes de rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) et de magnolia (Magnolia sp). Les deux tiers moyens de la troisième feuille en-dessous du bourgeon apical de chaque plant ont été traités avec 0.5 Ci ¹⁴C de fosamine (marquée sur le carbone du carbonyl). Les plantes ont été récoltées 3, 7 et 14 jours après le traitement. Chez P. serotina, la plus grande partie de l'absorption et de la migration du ¹⁴C a eu lieu durant la deuxième semaine après le traitement, alors que chez le magnolia et le rhododendron, le maximum d'adsorption et de migration s'est situé dans les trois jours qui ont suivi le traitement. La rétention du ¹⁴C dans la partie traitée n'a pas variè d'une espèce à l'autre. Toutefois, la quantité totale de ¹⁴C qui a migré a été plus grande chez P. serotina, moindre chez le magnolia et minimaie chez le rhododendron. Chez le magnolia, la migration du ¹⁴C s'opere dans le sens basipète, alors que chez le P. serotina. elle s'effectue aussi bien dans le sens acropète que dans le sens basipète. Aufnahme- und Trunstokaiion von ¹⁴C-Fosaminc bei drei Gehölzpflanzen Es wurde die Aufnahme und die Translokation von ¹⁴C Fosamine (O-Äthyl-aminocarbonylphosphonsäure) und/oder seiner Abbauprodukte bei drei Gehölzarten beobachtet. Verwendet wurden Sämlinge der Traubenkirsche (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), die eine mittlere Empfindlichkeit zeigt und Sämlinge des resistenten Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) und der ebenfalls resistenten Magnolie (Magnolia sp.). Die mittleren zwei Drittel des dritten Blattes unterhalb der Endknospe wurden bei jeder Pflanze mit 0.5 μCi ¹⁴C-Fosamine (markiert am Carbonylkohlenstoff) behandelt. Die Pflanzen wurden nach 3, 7 und 14 Tagen nach der Behandlung geerntet. Bei der Traubenkirsche wurde während der zweiten Woche am meisten ¹⁴C aufgenommen und transloziert, während dies bei der Magnolie und dem Rhododendron bereits innerhalb der ersten drei Tage der Fall war. Bezüglich der Retention von ¹⁴C in der behandelten Blattfläche unterschieden sich die drei Arten nicht. In der Traubenkirsche wurde aber am meisten ¹⁴C transloziert, weniger in der Magnolie und am wenigsten im Rhododendron. Die Magnolie translozierte das ¹⁴C basipetal, während die Traubenkirsche akropetal wie basipetal translozierte.     

Fuels from biomass: integration with food and materials systems

The development of fuels from biomass can lead naturally to dispersed facilities that incorporate food or materials production (or both) with fuel production, forming adaptive systems that can be modified to meet evolving needs and constraints. The technology that is appropriate to each system needs to be worked out, taking into account associated food and materials opportunities in order to decrease the ultimate cost of energy delivered to the consumer. I analyze possible systems based on sugarcane, corn, and guayule.     

Parainfluenza-3 virus exposure of beef heifers prior to natural breeding.

Ninety-six Hereford heifers (approximately 7 months of age) were randomly divided into 2 equal groups and housed 1.6 km apart (with 2 replications in time, 1 year apart). At 15 months of age, 1 group/replicate was inoculated with parainfluenza-3 virus, and the other group was given virus-free spent culture medium. Twenty-four hours later, 2 virgin bulls (2 years old) were placed with each group (24 cows) for natural breeding. Viral inoculation caused a twofold increase in parainfluenza-3 titer and a 0.3 C body temperature increase. There was no effect recognized from the virus on natural breeding efficiency.     

Isolation of bovine adenovirus type 7 from calves with pneumonia and enteritis.

Bovine adenovirus type 7 was isolated from a 10-month-old calf with fibrinopurulent pneumonia and from 2 newborn calves with pneumoenteritis. The viruses were isolated on calf lung and adrenal gland cell cultures and were identified as serotype 7 by immunoelectron microscopy and serum-neutralization tests.     

Effects of age on the tryptophan requirement of laying hens

1. White Leghorn pullets which had been used for an assay of tryptophan requirement between 32 and 40 weeks of age were used for similar determinations between 63 and 73 and, after a moult, from 97 to 106 weeks of age.

2. A tryptophan‐limiting protein mixture was used and by dilution seven dietary protein contents were produced, supplying from 0.84 to 1–92 g tryptophan/kg diet. The diet of lowest protein content was also sup‐lemented with free tryptophan. These diets were fed in experiments using 24 groups of 72 pullets at 63 to 73 weeks and 45 groups of 21 hens at 97 to 106 weeks.

3. The relationship between egg output and tryptophan intake was the same in moulted hens as in young pullets, but pullets of 63 to 73 weeks of age yielded a different response curve; more tryptophan being needed for a given egg output.

4. It is concluded that tryptophan required, per day, does not decrease during the first laying year, despite a decrease in rate of egg output.     

The effects of low voltage current on healing of thermal third degree wounds.

Bilateral third degree burns were created on the flanks of eight miniature swine. Each animal had one side treated daily with low intensity direct (LIDC) of 400 microamperes (muA) by contact electrode for 2 hours morning and afternoon until healing occurred. The polarity of the electrode was negative in 4 pigs and positive in 4 pigs. One group of 4 pigs had the eschar surgically removed 24 hours post burn. Weekly biopsies and cultures were taken of treated and control wounds. Results indicated: local treatment of 400 muA LIDC did not hasten or delay healing of thermal third degree burns; escharectomy hastened wound healing by 10 days, and superficial proteus infection occurred in 80% of all wounds.