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141.
Bodinier M Legoux MA Pineau F Triballeau S Segain JP Brossard C Denery-Papini S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(11):4576-4583
Because intestinal absorption of food protein can trigger an allergic reaction, the effect of wheat proteins on intestinal epithelial cell permeability was evaluated and the abilities of these proteins in native or pepsin-hydrolyzed state to cross the epithelial cell monolayer were compared. Enterocytic monolayers were established by culturing Caco-2 cells, a model of enterocytes, on permeable supports that separate the apical and basal compartments. Proteins were added into the apical compartment, and the transepithelial resistance (TER) was measured; proteins that crossed the cell monolayer were detected in the basal medium by ELISA. Wheat proteins did not alter the cell monolayer. TER and Caco-2 cell viability were conserved, and the passage of dextran was prevented. Native and pepsin-hydrolyzed forms of omega5-gliadin and lipid transfer proteins were detected in the basal medium. The results suggest that these two major allergens in food allergy to wheat were able to cross the cell monolayer by the transcellular route. 相似文献
142.
Report on the first detection of pectenotoxin-2, spirolide-a and their derivatives in French shellfish
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In the context of the French Phytoplankton and Phycotoxins Monitoring Network (REPHY) programme, shellfish samples were harvested from different locations where harmful algae blooms were known to have occurred. For all shellfish samples found positive by the mouse bioassay for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to search for the following lipophilic toxins: okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins (DTXs), pectenotoxins (PTXs), azaspiracids (AZAs), yessotoxins (YTXs), spirolides (SPXs) and gymnodimines (GYMs). In order to investigate the presence of acyl-OAs and/or acyl-DTX-1,-2 (DTX-3), alkaline hydrolysis was performed on all samples, and LC/MS analyses were carried out on the samples before and after hydrolysis. The results revealed different lipophilic toxin profiles as a function of the shellfish sampling location. The primary finding was that all of the samples contained OA and acyl-OA. In addition, other lipophilic toxins were found in shellfish samples: DTX-2, acyl-DTX-2 and SPXs (SPX-A, SPX-desMeC) on the Atlantic coast (Southern Brittany, Arcachon), and pectenotoxins (PTX-2, PTX-2-seco-acid and 7-epi-PTX-2-seco-acid) on the Mediterranean coast (Thau lagoon, the island of Corsica). This paper reports on the first detection of PTX-2, SPX-A and their derivatives in French shellfish. 相似文献
143.
Denery-Papini S Lauriére M Branlard G Morisset M Pecquet C Choudat D Merlino M Pineau F Popineau Y Boulenc E Bouchez-Mahiout I Bodinier M Moneret-Vautrin DA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):799-805
Wheat presents an important genetic diversity that could be useful to look for cultivars with reduced allergencity. omega5-Gliadins have been described as major allergens for wheat allergic patients suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and some cases of chronic urticaria (U). Our objective was to study the influence of genetic variability at the Gli-B1 locus encoding for omega5-gliadins on the reactivity of IgE antibodies from these patients. We selected cultivars expressing 13 alleles at Gli-B1 including a wheat/rye translocation and studied the reactivity to gliadins of a rabbit antiserum specific for omega5-gliadins and of IgE from 10 patients. The antiserum and IgE from nine patients with WDEIA and U strongly detected omega5-gliadins expressed by most of the Gli-B1 alleles but showed no or faint responses to the gliadins and secalins extracted from the translocated wheat. The selection of genotypes lacking the Gli-B1 locus may reduce wheat allergenicity. 相似文献
144.
Florence Trum Hugues Titeux Jacques Ranger Bruno Delvaux 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):837-847
• Background
Among forest management practices, forest tree species substitution influences biogeochemical cycles and soil interactions rapidly (decades) and significantly. 相似文献145.
Tardy F Gaurivaud P Manso-Silván L Thiaucourt F Pellet MP Mercier P Le Grand D Poumarat F 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,101(1-2):89-95
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease of cattle and buffalo caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides "Small Colony" (MmmSC). The agent of CBPP has been isolated from goats in different countries including CBPP-free areas. Goats can therefore be regarded as a putative MmmSC reservoir. No diagnostic test for CBPP surveillance in goats has been proposed as yet. Furthermore, serological tests could be seriously hampered by a widespread caprine infection due to the subspecies M. mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), which is antigenically very close to MmmSC and displays high levels of genetic variability. A competition ELISA (cELISA) is currently used to screen for CBPP in cattle at the herd level in infected areas. The aim of this study was to see if the same cELISA would be specific enough to be used to screen goats despite the potential concomitant infection with Mmc. The cELISA titers of goats from Mmc-infected and non-infected herds were comparable and negative using the accepted cutoff for bovine sera. In contrast, seroconversion was observed in goats experimentally inoculated with an Mmc strain that cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody targeting the same epitope as that used in cELISA. The probability of such false positivity occurring under field conditions is very low since Mmc strains with such an atypical antigenic profile emerge only rarely as a result of random nucleotide variation of the epitope-coding region. In conclusion, the commercially available cELISA can be considered specific enough to be used as a primary test to monitor passage of the CBPP agent in goats, but its sensitivity in goats requires further investigation. 相似文献
146.
Molinari F Rio M Meskenaite V Encha-Razavi F Augé J Bacq D Briault S Vekemans M Munnich A Attié-Bitach T Sonderegger P Colleaux L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5599):1779-1781
A 4-base pair deletion in the neuronal serine protease neurotrypsin gene was associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (MR). In situ hybridization experiments on human fetal brains showed that neurotrypsin was highly expressed in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Immuno-electron microscopy on adult human brain sections revealed that neurotrypsin is located in presynaptic nerve endings, particularly over the presynaptic membrane lining the synaptic cleft. These findings suggest that neurotrypsin-mediated proteolysis is required for normal synaptic function and suggest potential insights into the pathophysiological bases of mental retardation. 相似文献
147.
Catherine Picon-Cochard Florence Teyssonneyre Jean Michel Besle Jean-Franois Soussana 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,20(4):363-377
Monoliths of a fertile, although N limited, C3 grassland community were subjected (or not) to an atmospheric CO2 enrichment (600 μmol mol−1), owing to the Mini-FACE system from August 1998 to June 2001, at two contrasting cutting frequencies (3 and 6 cuts per year). The present study reports the effects of elevated CO2 on the above-ground productivity and on the herbage quality. Elevated CO2 did not affect the dry matter (DM) yield of the swards in 1999. In 2000, the second year, there was a positive CO2 effect (+26%) both on the DM and on the nitrogen yields (+30%). With the frequently cut monoliths, the DM of the legume component of the sward was strongly increased by elevated CO2. This effect became also significant in July 2000 for the low cutting frequency treatment. These results are in good agreement with the concept of an increased legume development and symbiotic N2 fixation triggered by an increased ecosystem scale demand of N under elevated CO2. At a low cutting frequency, the DM of the forbs was strongly increased in elevated compared with ambient CO2. This increased development of the forbs apparently led to a competitive decline of the grasses. Therefore, the total DM yield response to CO2 was smaller at a low (+15%) compared with a high (+36%) cutting frequency in 2000. An increase in the water soluble sugar content of the bulk forage under elevated CO2 and a corresponding decline in cell wall contents (NDF) were observed. In June 1999, the decline in NDF was correlated with an increased in-vitro DM digestibility. The forage quality was also indirectly affected by elevated CO2 through changes in leaf:stem ratio and in botanical composition. At a low cutting frequency, the increased forb content favoured the herbage quality because of a higher digestibility of the forb shoots and, indirectly, through the reduction in the mass of the grass stems. These results emphasise the role of species dynamics for elevated CO2 impacts on semi-natural grassland productivity and herbage quality. 相似文献
148.
Philippe M?hl Florence Cliquet Anne-Laure Guiot Enel Niin Emma Fournials Nathalie Saint-Jean Michel Aubert Charles E Rupprecht Sylvie Gueguen 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)
The SAG2 vaccine (RABIGEN® SAG2) is a modified live attenuated rabies virus vaccine, selected from the SAD Bern strain in a two-step process of amino acid mutation using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The strain is genetically stable and does not spread in vivo or induce a persistent infection. Its absence of residual pathogenicity was extensively demonstrated in multiple target and non target species (such as wild carnivores and rodent species), including non-human primates. The efficacy of SAG2 baits was demonstrated according to the EU requirements for the red fox and raccoon dog. The use of safe and potent rabies vaccines such as SAG2 largely contributed to the elimination of rabies in Estonia, France, Italy and Switzerland. Importantly, these countries were declared free of rabies after few years of oral vaccination campaigns with SAG2 baits distributed with an appropriate strategy. The excellent tolerance of the SAG2 vaccine has been confirmed in the field since its first use in 1993. No safety issues have been reported, and in particular no vaccine-induced rabies cases were diagnosed, after the distribution of more than 20 million SAG2 baits in Europe. 相似文献
149.
Michel Grimaldi Johan Oszwald Sylvain Dolédec Maria del Pilar Hurtado Izildinha de Souza Miranda Xavier Arnauld de Sartre William Santos de Assis Edna Castañeda Thierry Desjardins Florence Dubs Edward Guevara Valery Gond Tâmara Thaiz Santana Lima Raphaël Marichal Fernando Michelotti Danielle Mitja Norberto Cornejo Noronha Mariana Nascimento Delgado Oliveira Bertha Ramirez Gamaliel Rodriguez Max Sarrazin Mário Lopes da Silva Jr. Luiz Gonzaga Silva Costa Simão Lindoso de Souza Iran Veiga Elena Velasquez Patrick Lavelle 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(2):311-328
Landscape dynamics result from forestry and farming practices, both of which are expected to have diverse impacts on ecosystem services (ES). In this study, we investigated this general statement for regulating and supporting services via an assessment of ecosystem functions: climate regulation via carbon sequestration in soil and plant biomass, water cycle and soil erosion regulation via water infiltration in soil, and support for primary production via soil chemical quality and water storage. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of land-cover composition and structure significantly alter ES metrics at two different scales. We surveyed 54 farms in two Amazonian regions of Brazil and Colombia and assessed land-cover composition and structure from remote sensing data (farm scale) from 1990 to 2007. Simple and well-established methods were used to characterize soil and vegetation from five points in each farm (plot scale). Most ES metrics were significantly correlated with land-use (plot scale) and land-cover (farm scale) classifications; however, spatial variability in inherent soil properties, alone or in interaction with land-use or land-cover changes, contributed greatly to variability in ES metrics. Carbon stock in above-ground plant biomass and water infiltration rate decreased from forest to pasture land covers, whereas soil chemical quality and plant-available water storage capacity increased. Land-cover classifications based on structure metrics explained significantly less ES metric variation than those based on composition metrics. Land-cover composition dynamics explained 45 % (P < 0.001) of ES metric variance, 15 % by itself and 30 % in interaction with inherent soil properties. This study describes how ES evolve with landscape changes, specifying the contribution of spatial variability in the physical environment and highlighting trade-offs and synergies among ES. 相似文献
150.
Maina Florence Mburu John Gitau George VanLeeuwen John 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(2):533-539
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This paper highlights the factors likely to influence the economic efficiency of small-scale dairy farms in Mukurweini, Nyeri County, Kenya. A total of 91... 相似文献