冬小麦种质矮孟牛及其衍生后代1BL/1RS的分子和生化标记鉴定

本研究以小麦骨干亲本矮孟牛及其33个衍生品种(系)为材料,利用低分子量(LMW)麦谷蛋白Glu-B3位点的STS-PCR标记、醇溶蛋白Gli-B1位点的SSR标记和黑麦碱SEC-1b位点的STS-PCR标记进行复合PCR,检测1BL/IRS易位.结果表明,矮孟牛Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ型含有1BL/1RS染色体,矮孟牛Ⅰ和Ⅲ型不含1BL/1RS;在矮孟牛的33个衍生后代中,25个含1BL/1RS,其余8个则不含1BL/1RS.利用A-PAGE技术对上述材料进行了黑麦碱蛋白的检测,结果与复合PCR一致,两种方法相结合能准确的检测1BL/1RS.     

3FDD―6型后悬挂滚筒式棉花打顶机

棉花适时打顶心是棉花生产过程中的关键环节。本文简要介绍了一种新型棉花打顶机具—3FDD-6型后悬挂滚筒式棉花打顶机的主要结构、工作原理、主要技术参数。并对主要结构部件进行了设计介绍,同时也分析了该机的社会效益与经济效益。     

Comparison of mass spectrometry-based electronic nose and solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to assess infant formula oxidation

Two headspace techniques based on mass spectrometry detection (MS), electronic nose, and solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) were evaluated for their ability to differentiate various infant formula powders based on changes of their volatiles upon storage. The electronic nose gave unresolved MS fingerprints of the samples gas phases that were further submitted to principal component analysis (PCA). Such direct MS recording combined to multivariate treatment enabled a rapid differentiation of the infant formulas over a 4 week storage test. Although MS-based electronic nose advantages are its easy-to-use aspect and its meaningful data interpretation obtained with a high throughput (100 samples per 24 h), its greatest disadvantage is that the present compounds could not be identified and quantified. For these reasons, a SPME-GC/MS measurement was also investigated. This technique allowed the identification of saturated aldehydes as the main volatiles present in the headspace of infant milk powders. An isotope dilution assay was further developed to quantitate hexanal as a potential indicator of infant milk powder oxidation. Thus, hexanal content was found to vary from roughly 500 and 3500 microg/kg for relatively non-oxidized and oxidized infant formulas, respectively.     

1LB-240水平摆式双铧犁的研制

犁的使用在农业生产中占有极其重要的地位,特别是铧式犁的使用已有几千年的历史。为此,阐述了1LB-240水平摆式双铧犁的主要结构、工作过程、主要技术参数和试验结果,并对换向机构及核心部件换向销进行设计与分析。试验结果表明,该机具有生产率高、结构新颖、操作方便等特点。     

Influence of land use (savanna,pasture, Eucalyptus plantations) on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in Brazil

In Brazil, most Eucalyptus stands have been planted on Cerrado (shrubby savanna) or on Cerrado converted into pasture. Case studies are needed to assess the effect of such land use changes on soil fertility and C sequestration. In this study, the influence of Cerrado land development (pasture and Eucalyptus plantations) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) stocks were quantified in southern Brazil. Two contrasted silvicultural practices were also compared: 60 years of short‐rotation silviculture (EUC_SR) versus 60 years of continuous growth (EUC_HF). C and N soil concentrations and bulk densities were measured and modelled for each vegetation type, and SOC and SON stocks were calculated down to a depth of 1 m by a continuous function. Changes in SOC and SON stocks mainly occurred in the forest floor (no litter in pasture and up to 0.87 kg C m^?2 and 0.01 kg N m^?2 in EUC_SR) and upper soil horizons. C and N stocks and their confidence intervals were greatly influenced by the methodology used to compute these layers. C/N ratio and ¹³C analysis showed that down to a depth of 30 cm, the Cerrado organic matter was replaced by organic matter from newly introduced vegetation by as much as 75–100% for pasture and about 50% for EUC_HF, poorer in N for Eucalyptus stands (C/N larger than 18 for Eucalyptus stands). Under pasture, 0–30 cm SON stocks (0.25 kg N m^?2) were between 10 and 20% greater than those of the Cerrado (0.21 kg N m^?2), partly due to soil compaction (limit bulk density at soil surface from 1.23 for the Cerrado to 1.34 for pasture). Land development on the Cerrado increased SOC stocks in the 0–30 cm layer by between 15 and 25% (from 2.99 (Cerrado) to 3.86 (EUC_SR) kg C m^?2). When including litter layers, total 0–30 cm carbon stocks increased by 35% for EUC_HF (4.50 kg C m^?2) and 53% for EUC_SR (5.08 kg C m^?2), compared with the Cerrado (3.28 kg C m^?2), independently of soil compaction.     

油蒿、羊柴和花棒下生物结皮阻水特性分析——以宁夏盐池县为例

生物结皮作为沙丘固定的明显标志,影响着沙土水分的变化特征,生物结皮的研究对我国荒漠化地区植被的合理配置、稳定性有着重要的意义。实验于2010年7月中旬进行,以宁夏盐池县沙泉湾生态实验站为实验地,采用随机取样的方法,布设16块样地,在样地内进行植被调查,测量植被和生物结皮盖度、生物结皮厚度以及植被高度和冠幅,运用人工降雨的方法,对油蒿、羊柴和花棒下方生物结皮阻水特性进行比较。结果表明：不同植被覆盖下生物结皮厚度表现为：花棒〉羊柴〉油蒿。在有植被条件下和在裸地条件下,以及在油蒿、羊柴和花棒下方生物结皮阻水特性表现为：花棒〉羊柴〉裸地〉油蒿。通过对不同植被覆盖下生物结皮阻水特性的研究,总结出生物结皮阻水特性的规律,对当地植被的恢复、营造,以及合理放牧都有重要影响。     

异丙草胺光解体系中溶液酸度及电导率变化与降解的协同效应

采用自制光降解反应器研究了异丙草胺光解体系中溶液酸度及电导率的变化及与降解率的关系。结果表明,伴随光解进行,溶液的电导率和pH值同时产生有规律的变化。随着光照时间的延长,溶液电导率呈指数增加,到光解反应终了时,电导率增大近10倍,同时溶液电导率与溶液中异丙草胺的降解率亦呈指数对应关系。光解还造成溶液酸度增加,50mg·L-1异丙草胺溶液光照前后pH值由5.96降至3.35。根据对光解产物的分析,推测这两种数值的变化主要原因是异丙草胺的光解羟化脱氯。光解体系初始酸度的改变,对异丙草胺光解速率也有影响,酸度增大,明显抑制了异丙草胺的光解,而碱性环境加速了异丙草胺的光解。溶液酸度与光解进程具有良好的协同性。     

农业生产率及其影响因素的相关分析

采用典型相关分析方法，构建了农业生产率的典型相关模型，定量判别各影响因素的变动对农业生产率的作用程度，并对计算结果进行了经济分析。