Evaluation of the germ plasm collection of safflower,Carthamus tinctorius L. VII. Variability of capitulum width and outer involucral bracts' dimensions

Summary A germ plasm collection of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., with about 900 lines from over twenty countries was evaluated in Utah, USA for head width and outer involucral bracts (OIB) dimensions, traits affected by both human and natural selection. The regional germ plasm pools contained considerable variability for these traits. Plants bearing short or long as well as narrow or wide OIB were well adapted. Geographical clines were detected for the means of OIB dimensions, indicating possible gene flow. The correlations of the OIB dimensions with yield, yield components, oil content and growing period were not instructive and at times very inconsistent. Primary head diameter varied considerably within the regional gene pools. Its correlations with yield/plant, number of heads/plant, seed weight and oil content were inconsistent. Capitulum width was positively and significantly correlated with the number of seeds per head. Head diameter, however, can vary considerably without affecting seed yield per unit area.     

Versuchswesen und forstliche Forschung in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika

Ohne ZusammenfassungDie Bearbeitung stützt sich auf Angaben des Werkes A National Plan For American Forestry. S. Res. 175. Washington 1933. U. St. Gouvernment Printing Office.     

Pappelschädlinge und -krankheiten in Österreich in den Jahren 1951–1954

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Uterine torsion in cattle - frequency, clinical symptoms and theories about the pathogenesis

Aim of the present study was to summarize the available literature about the incidence, frequency, clinical symptoms and ideas as to the pathogenesis of uterine torsion in the cow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of the literature using electronic libraries (Pub Med, Medline), German veterinary medicine journals and obstetrical textbooks. RESULTS: Uterine torsion is a very important maternal reason for dystocia as most cases occur during parturition. The post-cervical torsion (combined uterine and vaginal torsion, Torsio uteri and vaginae) is more commonly diagnosed than an intra-cervical or pre-cervical torsion. Torsions to the left occur more frequently than to the right. Clinical symptoms clearly vary depending on the degree of torsion. The frequency in relation to all parturitions is described as between 0.5 and 1%, whereas the percentage of uterine torsions presented to the veterinarian as a reason for dystocia varies between 2.7 and 65%. The pathogenesis of uterine torsion remains unclear; however, general agreement exists that the cow is predisposed to uterine torsion due to its anatomy. It appears that the Brown Swiss is more often affected than other cattle breeds.     

Wheat gluten used as a clarifying agent of red wines.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy caused a situation of crisis leading the public and winemakers to lose their confidence in the use of gelatin as a fining agent and to reject animal proteins in general. Therefore, we started the search for a substitute for gelatin and egg protein by comparing gluten with these fining treatments currently used. This study concerned the fining of a Burgundy red wine (Rully, Controlled Appellation). For 6 g/hL, enzymatically hydrolyzed glutens (EHG) gave better efficiencies than deamidated glutens. The efficiency of the egg proteins treatment was situated between those of the hydrolyzed glutens and deamidated glutens. For 12 and 18 g/hL, turbidities of the wine treated by five glutens were 67 to 86% less than that of the control wine. Better results were obtained with egg proteins for short kinetics particularly. Wine fining with gluten was always better than gelatin treatments. The differences between the five glutens became very small when the dose incorporated in the wine increased. The volumes of lees generated by fining with gluten are situated between the values obtained with egg proteins and gelatin. After fining, immunodetection with gluten polyclonal antibodies failed to detect residual deamidated gluten.