Untersuchungen zum Einfluß von Konkurrenzbedingungen auf die Entwicklung der Bestandesstruktur von Sommerraps

Investigations on the effect of competition on stand structure of spring oilseed rape
On the basis of a field experiment with spring oilseed rape, frequency distributions of plant dry matter and plant height were investigated. Samples were taken at four developmental stages: rosette, begin of flowering, end of flowering, ripeness (harvest). To understand the effect of competition in a plant population on frequency distribution, distance of rows (16 cm, 32 cm) and number of plants (60, 90 and 120 plants/m²) were varied. Differences in frequency distribution were estimated by skewness and kurtosis.
The results show that with age of the plant population the skewness of the plant character dry matter decreases from a high positive value till ripeness to a low positive value; kurtosis also decreases during development and tends to a value of 0 at ripeness. The effect of competition as produced by number of plants for area is mirrored by a positive skewness increasing with increasing number of plants per area. The value for kurtosis also increases with the stronger competition as consequence of plant density. Row distance did not show specific effects of frequency distribution. Plant height did, generally speaking, not react to competition.     

Effect of chloropheniramine maleate on liver and kidney functions as well as blood count of guinea pigs

The present study aimed at exploring the effect of antihistamine chloropheniramine maleate (H1-blocker) on liver and kidney functions as well as on blood count. 60 mature guinea pigs were used. Histamine or chloropheniramine maleate was given, either alone or together, intramuscularly for 7 successive days. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for determination of blood counts and of the levels of urea, creatinine, GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase in the sera of different groups. The results showed significant groupwise variations in blood count, liver function as well as kidney function.     

Radiographic Estimation of Pregnancy in Goats

Contents: The onset and progression of goat fetal skeletal radio opacity were studied to identify the stage of pregnancy and the number of fetuses present. Lateral radiographs using 75 KVP, 200 Ma, 0.25 s and 100 FFD was found to be good values for detection of pregnancy in goats. Lengths taken for skull, femur and vertebral column of the fetus were used as a parameter for determination of the stage of pregnancy. Counting the number of fetal skulls were used for estimating the number of fetuses present. Accurate radiological diagnosis of pregnancy in goat was possible after 10 weeks of gestation .
Inhalt: Radiographische Bestimmung der Trächtigkeit bei der Ziege
Der Beginn und die Weiterentwicktung fötater Skelettbildung wurde radiologisch bestimmt, um das Stadium der Trächtigkeit und die Zahl der Föten zu ermitteln. Laterale Röntgenbilder wurden mit 75 KVP, 200 Ma., 0,25 Sek. und 100 FFD ermittelt, wobei sich diese Einstellung als günstig für die Trächtigkeitserkennung bei Ziegen erwies. Die Ermittlung der Schädellänge, des Femurs und des Rückenmarks beim Fötus wurden als Parameter für die Bestimmung des Trächtigkeitsstadiums benutzt. Die Zahl der Fötalschädel ergab die Zahl der Föten. Genaue radiologische Diagnose der Trächtigkeit bei Ziegen war ab etwa 10 Wochen der Trächtigkeit möglich .     

Improvement of the nutritional quality of Egyptian and Sudanese sorghum grains by the addition of phosphates

1. Male broilers (0 to 35 d) were given foods with two types of yellow sorghum substituted for maize in isonutrient diets. Sorghum-based foods were also supplemented with extra phosphorus, to provide a total P of about 8 g/kg; the P being from either orthophosphoric acid or food grade dicalcium phosphate. 2. Both sorghums depressed growth and food:gain ratio and increased the incidence of locomotor disorder to about 0.50 (maize control = 0). Sorghum from Sudan, with higher concentrations of both tannin and phytate, caused more severe anti-nutritive effects than sorghum from Egypt. 3. Within the limits of statistical significance the growth depressing effect of sorghum was completely reversed by extra P. With the more toxic Sudanese sorghum this amelioration was numerically less than complete (growth = 0.94, maize control = 1). Locomotor disorders were also virtually, but not completely, eliminated by phosphorus treatment. 4. Treatment of sorghum by dry-mixing with dicalcium phosphate could form the basis of a simple and economic method for extending the use of high-tannin sorghum in poultry foods. The mode of action of the treatment remains to be determined.     

Effect of Some Weed Control Treatments on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Associated Weeds

Two field experiments were carried out during 1984 and 1985 seasons at the Farm of Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, A. R. C, Ministry of Agric. (Egypt), to study the effect of five herbicides applied as a single or in tank mixtures as well as hoeing treatment on sesame plants and dominated annual weeds under Upper Egypt growing conditions. The herbicides alachlor at 2.304, pendimethalin at 2.040, linuron at 1.200, diuron at 0.960 and prometryn at 1.920 kg a.i./ha were applied preemergence as a single herbicides, as well as alachlor and pendimethalin combined with linuron, diuron or prometryn at the same rates. Two checks were included, one was left without weed removal, while the other was hand-hoed.
Pendimethalin at 2.040 applied alone or in mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best grass weed control, while excellent effectiveness against annual broad-leaves was obtained by linuron at 1,200 and diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha alone or in mixtures with pendimethalin at 2.040 kg a.i./ha. Whereas, pendimithalin at 2.040 applied alone or in tank mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best control for total annual weeds and higher seed yield of sesame as well as other yield contributing characters.     

Les électrolytes du sang et des sécrétions endométriales de la vache à la suite d'une glucocorticothérapie

The effect of two synthetic glucocorticoids, 9_α-fluoroprednisolone acetate and dexamethasone (9_α-fluoro, 16_α-methylprednisolone) was studied on 12 normally breeding cows. Na, Mg, K, Ca and P concentrations were evaluated in the serum and in the uterine fluid at four stages of the estrous cycle.

No significant changes were noted in Na and Ca concentration in either serum or uterine fluid. On the other hand, significant changes in the Mg, K and P were observed. Both drugs have caused a decrease in the content of Mg in the serum (P<0.05) during diestrus, a fall in the level of uterine K (P<0.01) during proestrus and a decrease of P during proestrus both in serum (P<0.001 after dexamethasone treatment) and in uterine fluid (P<0.001 for both drugs).

It is obvious that the two drugs change the chemical composition of blood and endometrial secretions. This could jeopardize the survival of the spermatozoids and of the ovum as well as the fertilization and the implantation processes.

     

Use of an avirulent Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine

One-day-old chickens were transported from Australia to Malaysia and vaccinated orotracheally with an uninactivated vaccine prepared from avirulent Australian V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The vaccination regimes were as follows: group A, once, at 2 weeks old; group B, once, at 3 weeks old; group C, twice, at 2 and at 3 weeks old; group D, direct contact with groups A, B, and C; and group E, indirect contact with groups A, B, C, and D. Group F was unvaccinated controls. Challenge was with NDV virulent Ipoh AF 2240-226 strain, administered at 4 weeks old intramuscularly to 10 chickens in each group and orotracheally to 10 chickens in each group. The remaining chickens were challenged by contact with the inoculated chickens. Group mortalities following challenge were: A, 1/77; B, 1/34; C, 0/39; D, 0/45; E, 6/43; and F, 60/60.     

Renal effects of medetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with special reference to its diuretic action

Renal effects of the selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, medetomidine, were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Animals were administered medetomidine 20 and 40 microg/kg intravenously (IV) and 80 mug/kg intramuscularly (IM) or 1 ml of saline IV. Urine and blood samples were collected before and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following medetomidine injection. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume (U(v)), urine osmolality (U(osm)), free water clearance (C(H2O)), fractional clearance of sodium (F(Na)), plasma osmolality (P(osm)), plasma glucose levels and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations were measured. The results showed that IV administration of medetomidine initially increased MABP 5-15 min followed by long-lasting decrease. The initial hypertension was not observed after IM administration, which was accompanied by a more profound hypotensive effects. RBF, GFR, U(v), C(H2O) increased after IV injection and decreased after IM. Medetomidine increased FNa and Posm and decreased U(osm). Plasma glucose levels initially increased and subsequently decreased. Plasma ADH concentration was decreased by IV injection but increased by IM administration. Our data imply that: 1) IV administration of medetomidine at dose rates of 20 and 40 microg/kg results in profound diuresis up to 2 hr; 2) Suppression of ADH release from the CNS is one of the mechanisms of medetomidine-induced diuresis although it may not be the principal one.