Interactive effects of nitrogen fertilizer and altered precipitation on fungal communities in arid grasslands of northern China

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Fungi play an essential role in regulating the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and are sensitive to climate change factors. Climate change incidents, such as...     

Production of human milk fat analogue containing docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids

Human milk fat (HMF) analogue containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) at sn-1,3 positions and palmitic acid (PA) at sn-2 position was produced. Novozym 435 lipase was used to produce palmitic acid-enriched hazelnut oil (EHO). EHO was then used to produce the final structured lipid (SL) through interesterification reactions using Lipozyme RM IM. Reaction variables for 3 h reactions were temperature, substrate mole ratio, and ARASCO/DHASCO (A:D) ratio. After statistical analysis of DHA, ARA, total PA, and PA content at sn-2 position, a large-scale production was performed at 60 °C, 3:2 A:D ratio, and 1:0.1 substrate mole ratio. For the SL, those results were determined as 57.3 ± 0.4%, 2.7 ± 0.0%, 2.4 ± 0.1%, and 66.1 ± 2.2%, respectively. Tocopherol contents were 84, 19, 85, and 23 μg/g oil for α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol. Melting range of SL was narrower than that of EHO. Oxidative stability index (OSI) value of SL (0.80 h) was similar to that of EHO (0.88 h). This SL can be used in infant formulas to provide the benefits of ARA and DHA.     

Challenges in developing and implementing a decision support systems (ETÇAP) in forest management planning: a case study in Honaz and Ibradı, Turkey

Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans.     

猪萎缩鼻炎研究进展

猪萎缩性鼻炎是猪的一种重要的呼吸系统疾病 ,该病给养猪业造成了重大的经济损失 ,其病原是支气管败血波氏杆菌和产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌。支气管败血波氏杆菌引起非进行性萎缩性鼻炎 ,而产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌引起进行性萎缩性鼻炎。二者在致病机理、临床症状、病理变化、流行病学和控制方法等方面存在很大差异。鉴于环境因素和病原因子在此病发生过程中均起一定作用 ,对本病的控制应是多种措施的综合。     

我国鸡奇异变形杆菌病研究报告

１９８９年４月作者在我国河南洛阳发现鸡奇异变形杆菌病。本病由肠杆菌科变形杆菌属的奇异变形杆菌（Ｐｒｏｔｕｓｍｉｒａｂｉｌｉｓ）所引起，以肢腿瘫痪、排灰白色或黄绿色水样稀便为临床特征。４周龄内雏鸡最易感，发病率８１．４％，病死率５６．５１％；青年鸡和成年鸡感染，可引起化脓性骨髓炎，死淘率４％左右。用濒死鸡脑组织、骨髓分离菌２４ｈ肉汤培养物（０．１ｍＬ）感染的小鼠，可于２４ｈ左右死亡；经口感染４周龄雏鸡，可复制出与自然病例相同的临床症状、病理变化和６０％的病死率，并可从感染致死鸡的脑、骨髓中回收到本菌。该菌不产生外毒素，可产生毒力强大的内毒素。本病可用氟哌酸、吡哌酸、氧哌嗪、链霉素、庆大霉素治愈。     

Fruit Physical Features,Phenolic Compounds Profile and Inhibition Activities of Cranberry Cultivars (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Compared to Wild-Grown Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus)

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - This study analysed fruits of cranberry cultivars: Ben Lear, Bergman, Early Richard, Pilgrim and Stevens and compared them with wild-grown cranberry fruits. The...     

Age and sex related variations in protein and carbohydrate levels of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in constant lightness and darkness

Variations in protein and carbohydrate levels correlated with the age and sex of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in constant lightness and darkness were investigated. Tests were conducted under laboratory conditions at 28 +/- 2 degrees C temperature and 65 +/- 5% relative humidity. Insects were fed on combs without honey. Protein level in 100 mg of adults increased in the first days of adult life of females in connection with their age and then decreased. No difference was observed in males. Carbohydrate level in 100 mg of adults increased in both sexes in connection with their age. In all tests carbohydrate and protein levels of females were found higher than males. Protein and carbohydrate levels of adult G. mellonella varied in connection with the photoperiod regimes implemented. Decrease in the nutrient levels was observed in constant darkness.