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Movement and Distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Adults Under Different Temperature Differences in Different Lengths of Horizontal Grain Columns

Understanding insect movement and distribution is critical for developing an effective insect pest management protocol. Movement and distribution of adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in response to nominal temperature differences of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C in 1- and 2-m horizontal columns filled with 12.5% moisture content wheat were studied in 24, 48, and 72 h of movement times. In the wheat columns without temperature differences, adults had a diffusion distribution pattern caused by their random movement. Adults showed bias movement to the warmer grain in wheat columns with temperature differences and preferred the warmer grain regardless of the magnitude of temperature differences in less than 24 h. Their distribution did not have significant differences among different movement times in 1- or 2-m columns. About 40% of adults moved to the warmer wheat located at 0.4 to 0.5 m in the 1 m column but did not move to the warmer wheat located at 0.9 to 1 m in the 2-m column. Therefore, length of grain column influenced detection of warmer grain by insects. Adults under different temperatures had a similar response as that under linear temperature gradients.     

Ovine luteinizing hormone: isoforms in the pituitary during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle and during anestrus.

Pituitaries were collected from late follicular phase (n = 5), mid-luteal phase (n = 5), and anestrous ewes (n = 4) to assess changes in intrapituitary LH heterogeneity at selected reproductive states. After homogenization, an aliquot of each pituitary extract was desalted by flow dialysis against water and chromtofocused on a pH 10.5 to 4.0 gradient. Concentrations of LH in pituitary extracts and chromatofocusing fractions were determined by RIA. The LH in pituitary extracts resolved into 13 isoforms during chromatofocusing, which were coded with letters beginning with the most basic isoform. Follicular and mid-luteal phase ewes exhibited similar distributions of intrapituitary LH among its isoforms. Relative to follicular and luteal phase ewes, anestrous ewes had lower percentages of isoforms D and E as well as higher percentages of isoforms G, H, J and K. Isoform F, the predominant molecular form of LH, constituted a similar percentage in all treatment groups (P > .05). Thus, the distribution of intrapituitary LH among its isoforms did not change significantly between the mid-luteal and follicular phases of the estrous cycle, but higher percentages of the weakly basic and acidic forms of LH were present during anestrus. These observations suggest that intrapituitary LH heterogeneity changes minimally throughout the estrous cycle of ewes during the breeding season.     

Numerical analysis of injection molding for the Syringe Barrel with optimum design and processing condition

The numerical analysis was performed to predict the potential problem, often occurring during the manufacturing process of the disposable medical device of a great volume. The cavity filling analyses were performed for the new design of the 3cc Syringe Barrel using polypropylene(PP1), and a new nucleated polypropylene(PP2) material for better clarity. These analyses have been performed for different processing conditions as well as various wall thickness designs for both materials. With the nucleated material, only the original wall thickness design has been studied at two different processing conditions for comparison purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum part design and processing condition for two different materials. The most desirable design was selected with Design 3 for material utilization and reduced flow stresses by comparing the field results. The new nucleated polypropylene provided slightly better product quality and processing.