全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6962篇 |
免费 | 3465篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 233篇 |
农学 | 460篇 |
基础科学 | 3篇 |
1494篇 | |
综合类 | 56篇 |
农作物 | 182篇 |
水产渔业 | 2543篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 4112篇 |
园艺 | 21篇 |
植物保护 | 1323篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 168篇 |
2020年 | 503篇 |
2019年 | 1039篇 |
2018年 | 915篇 |
2017年 | 959篇 |
2016年 | 959篇 |
2015年 | 833篇 |
2014年 | 823篇 |
2013年 | 990篇 |
2012年 | 502篇 |
2011年 | 518篇 |
2010年 | 628篇 |
2009年 | 278篇 |
2008年 | 258篇 |
2007年 | 118篇 |
2006年 | 124篇 |
2005年 | 115篇 |
2004年 | 111篇 |
2003年 | 116篇 |
2002年 | 119篇 |
2001年 | 72篇 |
2000年 | 105篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Carlos Yanes‐Roca Mayra E. Toledo‐Cuevas Lizbeth J. Sánchez Ana Born‐Torrijos Nicole Rhody Kevan L. Main 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(3):612-624
Black snook, Centropomus nigrescens, have been identified as a promising candidate for aquaculture although, like many of the Centropomid species, high mortality associated with early larval stages presents a significant bottleneck to their commercialization. The digestive capacity of black snook larvae throughout the first 37 d after hatch (d.a.h.) was evaluated by quantifying digestive enzyme activities using biochemical techniques. Results showed that black snook larvae have alkaline proteases at hatching, which are known to be important during the first days of feeding for digestion. Toward the end of the study, acid proteases concentration increased (37 d.a.h.). Enzymes for lipid digestion, pancreatic lipase and bile salt‐activated lipase, were already present in the larvae before exogenous feeding commenced, and their activity increased with age and growth (length). Intracellular digestion, measured as the activity of leucine‐alanine peptidase, was high early on (5 d.a.h.) and decreased as development progressed (next 32 d). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was lowest at first feeding and subsequently increased with age. Overall patterns in enzyme activity suggest the possibility of live feed weaning before 32 d.a.h. if artificial diets can be properly balanced. 相似文献
52.
Comparative Characterization of Enzymatic Digestion from Fish and Soybean Meal from Simulated Digestive Process of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Ariana I. Román‐Gavilanes Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño María Teresa Viana 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(4):409-420
The digestive process of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, was simulated through two phases of in vitro digestion: acidic digestion with porcine pepsin, followed by alkaline digestion with pancreatic crude extract (PCE) obtained from the PBT to hydrolyze fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) as protein substrates. The crude protein from FM resulted in a lower degree of hydrolysis (73.3%) compared with SBM (79.2%). However, the resulting digested products showed that FM contained 35% more small peptides, with sizes <6.5 kDa than those from the starting material (>150 kDa). The SBM had an increase of only 1.3% in the similar peptide cut‐offs found after hydrolysis. These results suggested that FM appeared to be a better source of protein according to the amount of low‐molecular weight peptides. In addition, the proteolytic activity of PCE showed that 88.9% of its alkaline proteolytic activity corresponded to trypsin and 2.9% corresponded to chymotrypsin activity. The results shown here demonstrate that peptide sizes are important in identifying suitable protein sources for aquafeed production to reinforce the primary results obtained from the in vitro digestibility using the pH‐Stat system. These results also contribute to a better understanding of the digestibility process in aquatic organisms. 相似文献
53.
David B. Bunnell Justin G. Mychek‐Londer Charles P. Madenjian 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2014,23(4):604-614
Using a 37‐year recruitment time series, we uncovered a field pattern revealing a strong, inverse relationship between bloater Coregonus hoyi recruitment success and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus biomass in Lake Michigan (United States), one of the largest freshwater lakes of the world. Given that slimy sculpins (and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are known egg predators that spatiotemporally overlap with incubating bloater eggs, we used recently published data on sculpin diets and daily ration to model annual bloater egg consumption by sculpins for the 1973–2010 year‐classes. Although several strong year‐classes were produced in the late 1980s when the proportion of eggs consumed by slimy sculpins was extremely low (i.e., <0.001) and several weak year‐classes were produced when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was at its highest (i.e., >0.10–1.0), egg predation failed to explain why recruitment was weak for the 1995–2005 year‐classes when the proportion consumed was also low (i.e., <0.02). We concluded that egg predation by slimy and deepwater sculpins could have limited bloater recruitment in some years, but that some undetermined factor was more important in many other years. Given that slimy sculpin densities are influenced by piscivorous lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the restoration of which in Lake Michigan has lagged behind those in lakes Superior and Huron, our study highlights the importance of an ecosystem perspective when considering population dynamics of fishes. 相似文献
54.
Chang‐Hoon Shin Hien Thi Dieu Bui Samad Rahimnejad Ji‐Hoon Cha Byung‐Woo Yoo Bo‐Kyeun Lee Hyung‐Jin Ahn Soo‐Il Choi Yun‐Jeong Choi Yong‐Ho Park Jeong‐Dae Kim Kyeong‐Jun Lee 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(3):258-268
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Barodon, an anionic alkali mineral complex, on growth, feed utilization, humoral innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder. A basal experimental diet was used as a control and supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5% Barodon. Triplicate groups of fish (26.4 ± 0.2 g) were fed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 wk. The growth performance was enhanced (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically in fish fed diets containing Barodon compared with that in fish fed the control. Feed utilization was significantly improved by Barodon supplementation. Serum lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased quadratically in Barodon fed groups. Also, significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity was found in Barodon‐fed fish. Dietary supplementation of 0.1–0.3% Barodon resulted in significant enhancement of fish disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. The findings in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of Barodon can enhance growth, feed utilization, innate immunity, and disease resistance of olive flounder and that the optimum level seems to be 0.1% in diets. 相似文献
55.
Alberto J. P. Nunes Hassan Sabry‐Neto Severino Oliveira‐Neto Lena Burri 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(6):1048-1063
This study compared the feed preference and growth response of Litopenaeus vannamei to chemoattractants. A diet with 3% fishmeal was supplemented with either 3% salmon meal (POS), 3% soy protein concentrate (NEG), 3% krill meal (KRM), 3% squid meal (SQM), 3% shrimp head meal (SHM), 3% shrimp meal (SM), 3% squid liver meal (SLM), or 5% liquid sardine hydrolysate (SAH). Shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 0.99 ± 0.08 g were stocked at 100 animals/m2 in 56 tanks of 1 m3 and fed 10 times daily for 74 days. Feed preference was evaluated by feeding shrimp of 10.87 ± 1.82 g in excess twice a day for 10 days in two separate feeding trays allocated in 50 tanks of 0.5 m3. Survival reached 93.3 ± 5.80% and was unaffected by supplementation. Final BW was the highest for shrimp fed the KRM‐supplemented diet (11.97 ± 0.93 g), followed by POS (11.11 ± 0.77 g) and SQM (11.01 ± 1.17 g). Diets SHM, SM, SLM, and NEG showed a lower shrimp BW than POS, but were not statistically different among them. Shrimp fed the SAH diet achieved the lowest BW (10.06 ± 1.02 g). The highest gained yield was obtained with diets KRM and POS. No statistical difference was observed in shrimp yield among other diets. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved with shrimp fed KRM (1.31 ± 0.05) when compared to diets SHM (1.47 ± 0.05), SAH (1.47 ± 0.07), and SLM (1.45 ± 0.17). Two‐by‐two comparisons indicated that shrimp preferred SHM and KRM, except when these were compared to SQM and SLM. No difference in feed preference was found between diets with SQM and SLM. SAH was the least preferred raw material in all comparisons. Results indicated that KRM acts as a powerful feeding effector and growth enhancer in fishmeal‐challenged diets for whiteleg shrimp. A dietary supplementation with 3% KRM is more effective than the same dose of any other chemoattractant evaluated. 相似文献
56.
Effect of Stocking Density on Growth,Survival, and Condition of the Mexican Cichlid Cichlasoma beani
Edgar A. Aragon‐Flores Edna F. Valdez‐Hernandez Leonardo Martinez‐Cardenas Maria R. Castaeda‐Chavez Alfonso A. Gonzales‐Diaz Miriam Soria‐Barreto Javier M. J. Ruiz‐Velazco Emilio Pea‐Messina 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(4):447-453
The Mexican cichlid Cichlasoma beani is currently exploited regionally as food and can be commercialized in the aquarium trade. Natural populations of C. beani may already be negatively affected by anthropogenic alteration of the areas in which it is distributed. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect on growth, survival, and condition of C. beani cultured in three stocking densities: three (D3), six (D6), and nine (D9) fish per each 40 L tank. At the end of a 6‐wk trial the fish cultured in D3 were longer, heavier, and grew faster than the rest of the treatments but their survival was the lowest compared to D6 and D9. The mortalities were caused by a strong aggressive behavior in D3. 相似文献
57.
A. Rodionov S. Nii‐Annang T. Fischer A. Gattinger O. Bens T. Raab R. F. Hüttl 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(1):78-87
Application of hydrophilic polymers composed of cross‐linked polyacrylate can improve soil water‐holding capacity and accelerate the restoration of post‐mining substrates. In this work, we studied the persistence of a polyacrylate polymer incorporated into a soil and its impact on plant nutrients at a reclamation site of former lignite mining in Lusatia (Germany). In contrast to autumn application, the incorporation of the polymer enhanced the sequestration of plant‐derived carbon in the soil, which was reflected by a significant increase in the concentration of a lignin marker. Attenuated total reflexion–Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR‐FTIR) and total elemental contents in the applied polymer suggested an intensive cation exchange between the polymer framework and the soil‐forming substrate. In addition, there was an enrichment of carbonaceous material, which seems to reduce the swelling and thus the water‐holding capacity of the cross‐linked polyacrylate. Conversely, this process protected the polymer structure from rapid decomposition. 相似文献
58.
59.
S. Leal‐Soto R. Barraza‐Guardado R. Castro‐Longoria J. Chvez‐Villalba F. Hoyos‐Chirez 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(6):789-800
Pen shells are economically important and most are threatened by overexploitation and habitat degradation. Cultivation represents an alternative for preserving the resource and increasing the production. Atrina maura was cultivated in a suspension system which was followed by a bottom phase. Samples of pen shells and tissues were collected monthly to measure absolute growth, shell height increase, and an adductor muscle index. After the trials, adults shell height was 195 ± 10 mm, total weight was 223 ± 28 g, and mean shell height increase was 0.81 cm/mo. Protective devices were vital to avoid predation by crabs and fish; survival was 90% in the suspension phase and 70% in the bottom phase. Variations in the muscle index were apparently related to reproduction, suggesting activity (partial spawning) from August 2008 to April 2009 in juveniles and a major spawning in adults during August 2009. Adductor muscles reached a mean of 21 g after 20 mo of cultivation, but muscle weights decreased significantly after reproduction (August to November 2009). Results indicated that A. maura is suitable for aquaculture and the cultivation system adopted here should be tested in pilot‐scale ventures. This system may work with other species of pen shells. 相似文献
60.
From regionally predictable to locally complex population structure in a freshwater top predator: river systems are not always the unit of connectivity in Northern Pike Esox lucius
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dorte Bekkevold Lene Jacobsen Jakob Hemmer‐Hansen Søren Berg Christian Skov 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(2):305-316
Contemporary genetic diversity is the product of both historical and contemporary forces, such as climatic and geological processes affecting range distribution and continuously moulded by evolutionary forces selection, gene flow and genetic drift. Predatory freshwater fishes, such as Northern Pike Esox lucius, commonly exhibit small population sizes, and several local populations are considered endangered. Pike inhabit diverse habitat types, including lakes, rivers and brackish marine waters, thus spanning from small isolated patches to large open marine systems. However, pike population structure from local to regional scales is relatively poorly described, in spite of its significance to developing conservation measures. We analysed microsatellite variation in a total of 1185 North European pike from 46 samples collected across both local and regional scales, as well as over time, to address two overarching questions: Is pike population structure associated with local and/or regional connectivity patterns, and which factors likely have the main influence on the contemporary distribution of genetic diversity? To answer this, we combined estimators of population diversity and structure to assess evidence of whether populations within (i) habitats, (ii) drainage systems and (iii) geographical regions are closer related than among these ranges, and whether patterns are temporally stable. Contrasting previous predictions that genetic drift obscures signals of postglacial colonisation history, we identified clear regional differences in population genetic signatures, suggesting a major effect of drainage divides on colonisation history and connectivity. However, several populations deviated from the general pattern, showing that local processes may be complex and need to be examined case‐by‐case. 相似文献