Canine Ranulas, Salivary Mucoceles and Branchial Cysts

Abstract—This study indicates that the ranula of dogs represents a sublingual salivary mucocele and not a dilated salivary duct, as it is not lined by an epithelium but by connective tissue. The ranula is formed by saliva leaking from an injured sublingual salivary duct into the connective tissue. Trauma and obstruction are probably not the only causes of these lesions; an unknown predisposition of the salivary duct appears to be necessary. Differential diagnosis and treatment of various types of salivary mocuceles and of branchial cysts are discussed. Résumé—Cette étude démontre que la grenouillette chez le chien est une mucocèle salivaire sublinguale et non pas une dilatation du canal salivaire, car elle n'est pas bordte par de l'épithelium, mais par un tissu conjonctif. La grenouillette est formée par de la salive, suintant d'un canal salivaire blessé, dans le tissu conjonctif. Un traumatisme et une blessure ne sont pas les seuls éléments responsables de la formation d'une grenouillette. Une prédisposition mal connue du canal salivaire semble nécessaire. Le diagnostic différentiel et le traitement de divers types de mucocéles salivaires et de kystes bronchiaux sont discutés. Zusammenfassung—Die vorliegende Untersuchung weist darauf hin, dass es sich bei der Ranula des Hundes urn eine sublinguale Speichel-Mukozele und nicht um einen enveiterten Speicheldruesen-gang handelt, da sie nicht von einem Epithel, sondern von Bindegewebe ausgekleidet ist. Die Ranula wird durch Speichelsekret gebildet, das vom geschaedigten Speicheldruesengang in das umliegende Bindegewebe eindringt. Trauma und Verlegung des Ganges sind wahrscheinlich nicht die alleinigen Ursachen dieser Veraenderungen. Die Annahme einer unbekannten Praedisposition erscheint berechtigt. Differentialdiagnose und Behandlung der verschiedenen Speichel-Mukozelen (Ranula, Halszyste) und der branchiogen Zysten werden diskutiert.     

Sulphadoxine and trimethoprim in goats and cows: absorption fraction, half-lives and the degrading effect of the ruminal flora

Oral administration of sulphadoxine to adult goats (100 mg/kg body weight) resulted in absorption of about two thirds from the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption rate was lowest in newborn kids and increased with increasing age. Following administration of sulphadoxine (40 mg/kg body weight) through a rumen fistula about 80% was absorbed in cows. Also the elimination rate for sulphadoxine was lower in newborn kids than in adult goats and increased with the age. Oral administration of the trimethorpim (TMP) to kids, goats (20 mg/kg body weight) and cows (8 mg/kg body weight) resulted in higher plasma concentrations in newborn kids than in the older age groups and the maximal concentration of TMP in the blood of adult goats and cows was lower than 0.2 μg/ml. In vitro experiments showed that trimethoprim may be degraded by ruminal microorganisms, but from experiments with oral administration of trimethoprim to cows it is concluded that metabolism in the cow's liver is at least as important as ruminal degradation.     

Zinc-65 and chromium-51 in foods and people

Some radioisotopes introduced into the Columbia River via effluent water from reactors at Hanford, Wash., are found in crops irrigated with this water and in sea food harvested near the mouth of the river. Measurements of zinc-65 and chromium-Si in foods and in individuals consuming these foods are reported and are compared with zinc-65 concentrations resulting from fallout.     

开发更高效的生物炭肥料提高辣椒产量和质量

Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly(P 0.05) increased the yield of green pepper(11.33–11.47 t ha-1), compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser(9.72 t ha-1). The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly(P 0.05) reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper.     

Characterization of Herpes virus vitreum isolated from hyperplastic epidermal tissue of walleye,Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill)*

Abstract. A new virus, provisionally named Herpesvirus vitreum, was isolated from hyperplastic epidermal tissue from a walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill), taken in Saskatchewan, Canada. The virus, which was isolated in the walleye ovarian (WO) cell line, was identified as a herpesvirus on the basis of size (190–230 nm), morphology and apparent pattern of replication. The virus, which passes polycarbonate membranes of 200 nm mean pore diameter, was ether-labile. Virus replicated in WC-1 cells at 4 and 15°C, but not at 20°C. Although walleye cell lines (WO, WC-1, We-2) were susceptible to infection at 15°C, non-period cell lines were refractory. Syncytial formation and lysis occurred in susceptible cell lines. Virus was quantified by plaque assay at 13 to 15°C for two weeks. Replication was inhibited by 10^-3.0m phosphonoacetate and by 10^-5.0m 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR), but addition of excess thymidine reversed the inhibition by BUDR. Viral replication in WO cells, but not in WC-1 cells, was inhibited by the antiherpetic drug acyclovir (10^-5.0m ). The relationship of the herpesvirus isolate and epithelial neoplasms was not determined.