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121.
Niyazi Küçük Uğur Uçan Sanan Raza Güneş Erdoğan Melih Aksoy 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(8):1059-1065
Laparoscopic artificial insemination technique (LAI) is described to overcome reduced fertility problems in sheep artificial insemination (AI) programmes with frozen semen. Later on, this technology was modified for endangered non-domestic cats to deposit low quality or reduced number of sperm cells hardly obtained by electro-ejaculation into the oviduct. This technique by passes the complex structure of cervix and efficiently transfers the sperm cells to the point of fertilization. In recent years, rabbits are becoming popular transgenic animal models producing various therapeutic and commercial products, as well as being experimental animals for disease models. The worldwide transportation of frozen semen and re-establishment of transgenic lines using AI technology has become a common practice. Therefore, this study was designed to describe a laparoscopic intrauterine insemination technique, which might assist in conceiving the animals with limited number of sperm cells. The female rabbits were laparoscopically (n = 22) or vaginally (n = 13) inseminated with frozen–thawed semen samples containing approximately 10 × 106 motile sperm. The laparoscopic insemination technique provided higher pregnancy rate (45.5%) than vaginal insemination technique (7.7%) (p < .05). In conclusion, the described laparoscopic AI might be a new alternative technique, thus enabling limited or low-quality frozen sperm samples to establish pregnancy in rabbits. 相似文献
122.
Serhat Karaca Sibel Erdoğan Mehtap Güney Cihan Çakmakçı Muammer Sarıbey Aşkın Kor Hasan Ülker 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13561
This study examined how inclusion of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) in finishing lamb diets for different periods affects some physiological indicators and meat quality. A total of 40 male lambs were divided into four groups according to feeding regimen during the 120-day finishing period as follows: C120: no DDGS included in diet for 120 days; D120: DDGS included in diet for 120 days; D75: no DDGS included in diet for 45 days + DDGS included in diet for 75 days; D45: no DDGS included in diet for 75 days + DDGS included in diet for 45 days. Dietary inclusion rate of DDGS was 27.5%. Fattening performance and rumen parameters were not affected by treatment. Feeding regimens had no significant effect on meat quality except the instrumental tenderness and juiciness score. DDGS fed lambs had higher level of total trans fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio in meat. 10t-C18:1, 11t-C18:1 and 9c,11t conjugated linoleic acid contents of adipose tissue were higher in all the DDGS groups compared with C120 lambs (p < .001). These results suggest that soybean meal can be replaced with corn DDGS in lamb diets for up to 120 days during the finishing period with no adverse effects on some physiological response feedlot performance and meat quality. 相似文献
123.
Maša Bošnjak Mojca Kržan Urša Lampreht Tratar Jožica Dolenc Maja Čemažar Alenka Seliškar 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):35-41
ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacokinetics of carprofen after a single intravenous (IV) dose and multiple oral doses administered to pigs undergoing electroporation of the pancreas.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA group of eight female pigs weighing 31.74 ± 2.24 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsCarprofen 4 mg kg?1 was administered IV after placement of a central venous catheter during general anaesthesia with isoflurane. Blood samples were collected 30 seconds before and 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after carprofen administration. Subsequently, the same dose of carprofen was administered orally, daily, for 6 consecutive days and blood collected at 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours after initial carprofen administration. Plasma was analysed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by compartmental analysis of plasma concentration–time curves. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.ResultsThe initial plasma concentration of IV carprofen was estimated at 54.57 ± 3.92 μg mL?1 and decreased to 8.26 ± 1.07 μg mL?1 24 hours later. The plasma elimination curve showed a bi-exponential decline: a rapid distribution phase with a distribution half-life of 0.21 ± 0.03 hours and a slower elimination phase with an elimination half-life of 17.31 ± 3.78 hours. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: the area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 357.3 ± 16.73 μg mL?1 hour, volume of distribution was 0.28 ± 0.07 L kg?1 and plasma clearance rate was 0.19 ± 0.009 mL minute?1 kg?1. The plasma concentration of carprofen, administered orally from days 2 to 7, varied from 9.03 ± 1.87 to 11.49 ± 2.15 μg mL?1.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCarprofen can be regarded as a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in pigs. 相似文献
124.
Zupančič Marija Bukovec Nataša Milačič Radmila Ščančar Janez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,154(1-4):57-69
This paper reports the results of the treatment of polychlorinatedbiphenyl (PCB) contaminated sandy soils (100 mg kg-1 Aroclor 1242) with the Fenton advanced oxidation process (AOP). The results obtained in the various assays permitted the optimization of conditions as follows: 5% H2O2; 100 ppm of Fe3+; and a ratio of sandy soil mass/volume of oxidizing solution (m/V) of 1/3 g mL-1. In addition, these tests established the need for agitation and dispensed with the need for heat. The results obtained confirm that the oxidation process occurs in solid phase (on the PCBs adsorbed to soil particles), producing 98% elimination of the original PCB structure and 82% dechlorination, all within a reaction time of 72 hr. The degree of elimination was found to be dependent on the level of congener chlorination and the process displays a pseudo first order kinetics. In addition, the Fenton chemical oxidation process may be complemented by subsequent aerobic biological degradation which, after 15 days, produces 72% mineralization of the products generated during the chemical oxidation process. 相似文献
125.
Gómez-Gallego M Sierra MA Alcázar R Ramírez P Piñar C Mancheño MJ García-Marco S Yunta F Lucena JJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6395-6399
Ethylenediamine-N,N'bis(o-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (o,o-EDDHA) is one of the most efficient iron chelates employed to relieve iron chlorosis in plants. However, the presence of positional isomers of EDDHA in commercial iron chelates has been recently demonstrated, and among them, it has been claimed that ethylenediamine-N(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) is the main impurity present in EDDHA fertilizers. Here we report the preparation of o,p-EDDHA, a compound whose synthesis had not been previously reported. The synthetic o,p-EDDHA is able to form ferric complexes, and it has been used as a standard in the analysis of the impurities of commercial iron fertilizers. The presence of o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) in commercial samples has been unambiguously demonstrated by HPLC. 相似文献
126.
Antioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from Mentha species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Dorman HJ Koşar M Kahlos K Holm Y Hiltunen R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(16):4563-4569
Water-soluble extracts from the Mentha species M. aquatica L. and M. haplocalyx Briq., the hybrids M. x dalmatica L. and M. x verticillata L., the varieties M. arvensis var. japanensis [M. arvensis L. var. piperascens Holmes ex Christ] and M. spicata L. var. crispa Benth, and M. x piperita L. "Frantsila", M. "Morocco", and M. "Native Wilmet" cultivars were screened for potential antioxidative properties. These properties included iron(III) reduction, iron(II) chelation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and the ability to inhibit iron(III)-ascorbate-catalyzed hydroxyl radical-mediated brain phospholipid peroxidation. Total phenol content and qualitative and quantitative compositional analyses of each extract were also made. The extracts demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in each assay, with the M. x piperita "Frantsila" extract being better than the other extracts, except for ferrous iron chelation. With the exception of iron chelation, it appeared that the level of activity identified was strongly associated with the phenolic content. 相似文献
127.
128.
Estimating illegal and unreported catches from marine ecosystems: a basis for change 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Tony J Pitcher Reg Watson Robyn Forrest Hreiðar Þór Valtýsson & Sylvie Guénette 《Fish and Fisheries》2002,3(4):317-339
To evaluate the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems, the total extraction of fish must be known. Putting a figure on total extraction entails the difficult task of estimating, in addition to reported landings, discards, illegal and unmandated catches. Unreported catches cast various types of shadow, which may be tracked and estimated quantitatively. Some shadows of unreported catches are reviewed, for example, an innovative, well‐funded NGO publicizes illegal catch in the Southern Ocean. For various reasons, official figures often have the implicit but unacceptable assumption that such categories are null. We present an estimation procedure based on adjustment factors taken from observer reports, correspondents and published information that track changes in a regulatory regime, and hence reflect incentives and disincentives to misreport. Monte Carlo simulations address uncertainty using multiple sources of information to provide upper and lower estimates. Once in place, this method provides preliminary estimates that may be refined without disruption. The method is demonstrated for fisheries in Iceland and Morocco. We use a ‘by‐species’ approach for Icelandic cod and haddock, while the Moroccan catch is divided into demersal and pelagic categories. Results suggest that Icelandic cod catches may have been underestimated by between 1 and 14% at different times, and haddock by between 1 and 28%. Underestimation of Moroccan catches appears to have been as much as by 50%. These case studies show that it is possible to obtain estimates of misreporting, even when direct data are lacking. Our method encourages transparency because sources of information are presented so that uncertain values are easily identified, offering a basis for comment, collaboration and refinement in estimating illegal and unreported fishing. 相似文献
129.
Martin de Luis Klemen Novak José RaventósJo?ica Gri?ar Peter PrislanKatarina ?ufar 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(8):1630-1638
Wood formation and the anatomical characteristics of tree-rings play a decisive role in plant performance and survival due to the importance of water transport. Saplings may be especially vulnerable to water stress; however, the level of water stress that they can endure still remains largely unexamined. Thus, the general objective of our research is to determine the plasticity of wood formation in Pinus halepensis saplings. We evaluated cambial activity, xylem growth ring formation and its anatomical characteristics in different experimental irrigation conditions and tested for its influence on the success rate of sapling establishment. Our results demonstrate a high phenological plasticity in wood formation with juvenile P. halepensis saplings in relation to water availability. Dry conditions during spring and summer strongly limit their cambial activity, which is suggested to be linked to sapling survival during summer. Width and anatomical characteristics of tree-rings differ in saplings exposed to different irrigation conditions. Our results suggest that increasing water stress during spring and summer periods, as predicted by future climate change scenarios, may seriously affect the success of both natural regeneration and reforestation of P. halepensis, and this could severely modify potential distribution of the species. 相似文献
130.
Carlos?A.?Acu?aEmail author Ann?R.?Blount Kenneth?H.?Quesenberry Kevin?E.?Kenworthy Wayne?W.?Hanna 《Euphytica》2011,179(2):227-235
Manipulating apomixis for fixing tetraploid bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) hybrids exhibiting superior agronomic characteristics would be a valuable tool for the genetic improvement of this
species. The objectives were to create a second generation of hybrids by crossing sexual first-generation tetraploid hybrids
(FGTH) and unrelated apomictic FGTH or ecotypes, determine the segregation for mode of reproduction, and estimate the resulting
genetic variation and heterosis for several agronomic characteristics. The segregation for mode of reproduction was analyzed
using mature embryo sac observations. Field measurements and visual ratings were used to evaluate the growth habit, production
of inflorescences, cool-season growth and freeze resistance of hybrids. A ratio of 4.6:1 between sexual and apomictic hybrids
was observed. Only 3% of the progeny was classified as highly apomictic. The low proportion of highly apomictic progeny restricts
the feasibility of this breeding approach. Large genetic variation was observed among hybrids for growth habit, cool-season
growth and freeze resistance. The proportion of hybrids exhibiting heterosis was high for plant height, cool-season growth,
and freeze resistance. The tetraploid bahiagrass germplasm contains a large diversity for traits of agronomic importance that
can be exploited for the genetic improvement of this species. 相似文献