Dietary available phosphorus requirement for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CASIII)

A 57‐day growth experiment was conducted with juvenile gibel carp (13.48 ± 0.10 g) in a flow‐through system to study the effect of dietary phosphorus on growth performance, body composition, nutrition utilization, phosphorus loading and enzymes activities. Seven semipurifed diets were formulated to contain 0.07 (the basal), 2.27, 5.32, 8.10, 12.06, 15.24 and 19.48 g available phosphorus/kg diet. The results showed that specific growth rate, body length and feed efficiency significantly increased in the fish fed diets containing 0.07 to 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05). Ash and P content increased in fish fed diets containing 0.07–12.06 P g/kg (p < .05) and then levelled off, while moisture, crude protein and lipid had no significant difference (p > .05). The protein retention efficiency increased in the fish fed with diets 0.07–5.32 g/kg P (p < .05) and then reached a plateau. The P content in faeces was higher in fish fed diets containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg. Total P concentration in tank water increased in fish fed 0.07–12.06 g available P per kg diet (p < .05). The plasma P was higher in the fish fed with 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05), triglycerides was lower in the fish fed diet containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg (p < .05), no significant differences were observed in plasma Ca, plasma glucose and calcitonin (p > .05). Based on SGR, whole body P content and FE, dietary available P requirement for juvenile gibel carp were 13.37, 13.97 g/kg and 15.06 respectively.     

中华鲟ASDIGIRR与ASTRAF6基因的克隆与表达

中华鲟是处在硬骨鱼类与软骨鱼类之间的中国古老的珍稀鱼类之一,但在人工繁殖和养殖过程中,容易受到不同疾病的危害,因此,需要深入研究其免疫调控,为其疾病预防提供理论依据。单个免疫球蛋白白细胞介素-1受体相关分子(SIGIRR)和肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)是toll样受体(TLR)信号通路的2个重要的信号转导元件。本研究鉴定了中华鲟的SIGIRR和TRAF6的同源物,分别命名为ASDIGIRR (Acipenser sinensis DIGIRR)和ASTRAF6 (A. sinensis TRAF6),并研究它们在正常组织中的表达和Poly(I:C)诱导后的表达模式。结果显示,ASDIGIRR和ASTRAF6在健康鲟的10个组织中均有表达,且分别在肠道和头肾组织中表达量最高;用Poly (I:C)孵育中华鲟脾脏细胞后,ASDIGIRR在3 h时的表达量显著下调,在6 h时恢复至正常水平,后在24 h显著上调达到最高值,随后开始下调,至48 h时仍显著高于对照组,而ASTRAF6在6 h达到最高表达量,维持到24 h后再下调,48 h时下降至最低水平。研究表明,ASDIGIRR和ASTRAF6在中华鲟抵御病原入侵的免疫防御过程中起着重要作用。     

喀斯特森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程的影响

蒸发是西南喀斯特地区薄层土壤水分损失的主要途径,浅层土壤水分的存蓄对喀斯特地区农业生产和生态恢复至关重要。以西南喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土为研究对象,基于室内蒸渗试验设置4个苔藓生物量(0,0.32,0.64,0.95 kg/m~2)和3个松针生物量(0,0.32,0.64 kg/m~2)共12种处理,分析森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程及表层温度时空分布的影响规律,并对比3种蒸发模型(Black、Rose、空气动力学蒸发模型)在喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土的适用性。结果表明:苔藓和松针覆盖显著降低累积蒸发量和蒸发速率(P0.05),接种苔藓0.95 kg/m~2和覆盖松针0.64 kg/m~2处理比裸土累积蒸发量小36.9%;苔藓和松针导致土壤含水量显著增加(P0.05);苔藓和松针增加了表层土壤的平均温度,松针对土壤温度的提升作用强于苔藓;Black、Rose和空气动力学模型均能较好地模拟碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程,Black蒸发模型的拟合精度高于Rose和空气动力学蒸发模型。研究结果能为西南喀斯特地区的水量平衡分析提供理论支撑并加强对喀斯特森林地表水文过程的认知。     

The effect of C/N ratio on bacterial community and water quality in a mussel‐fish integrated system

A 30‐day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of C/N ratio on water quality and bacterial community in an integrated system comprising one molluscan species (pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii) and two fish species (gibel carp Carassius gibelio and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at five C/N ratios (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14). The mussel and fishes were reared in the experimental tanks (400 L), but gibel carp received formulated feed. Water quality in the experimental tanks was analysed on day 0, 10, 20 and 30, and bacterial community in the water column and sediment was analysed on day 30. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total organic carbon accumulated in the tanks over time. Ammonia and nitrite decreased with the increase in C/N ratio. Bacterial community in the water column and sediment changed at the phylum and genus levels with the increase in C/N ratio, and the critical C/N ratio causing a functional shift of bacterial community occurred at 10 in water column and 12 in sediment. The increase in C/N ratio benefited the growth of both potential probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. The high C/N ratio enhanced the bacterial functions of chemoheterotrophy and hydrocarbon degradation, but depressed the functions of nitrification and denitrification in the water column and sediment respectively. This study reveals that the C/N ratio can be used as a tool to manipulate the bacterial community and water quality in the mussel‐fish integrated system.     

Comparison Analysis of Immune Related Gene of Orf Virus in Sheep and Camels

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of Orf virus (ORFV) immune related genes after infection with different species.The ORFV genomes of sheep and camel were extracted and named ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively.Based on ORFV genome sequence published in GenBank (accession No.:KF234407.1),three pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized to amplify the B2L,F1L and VIR gene fragments of ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively,and the amplified fragments were cloned into pMD19-T vector,transformed into E.coli DH5α competent cells.The recombinant plasmid was identified,and positive clones were selected for sequencing,DNAStar software was used to analyze the homology,amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree of 13 ORFV genome sequences published on NCBI.The results showed that the nucleotide homology of B2L,F1L and VIR genes were 92.8% to 99.2%,95.7% to 99.5% and 77.6% to 100%,respectively.After comparing the amino acid sequence between the two genomes and the reference sequence,it was found that there were obvious differences in the immune related genes between the two genomes,and F1L gene had some rules to follow.The phylogenetic analysis of B2L,F1L and VIR genes showed that ORFV-Y was closely related to the Chinese Fujian goat strain,while ORFV-LT was far from the reference strains,and was a separate branch.The results showed that ORFV had obvious difference in immune related genes between sheep and camels,it provided a reference basis for further research on the changes of ORFV gene sequences in different species and the development of vaccines for different species in the future.     

单增李斯特菌inlK基因缺失株的构建及其生物被膜与消毒剂抗力分析

【目的】 研究inlK基因对Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力的影响及其生物被膜与消毒剂抗力的关系,以期为有效防控单增李斯特菌污染提供参考。【方法】 以单增李斯特菌Lm90SB2为试验菌,根据GenBank中公布的单增李斯特菌F2365 inlK基因序列(登录号:AE017262),应用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计用于扩增inlK基因上、下游同源臂片段及验证缺失株的特异性引物,以同源重组技术构建inlK基因缺失株,并通过旁外侧引物运用PCR方法进行缺失株检测。将标准菌株Lm90SB2和构建的缺失株分别培养8、12、24、48 h后进行结晶紫染色,在倒置显微镜下观察形态变化,并用酶标仪测定生物被膜形成能力;用含3 g/L卵磷脂+3 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液和含10 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液作为新洁尔灭消毒剂的中和剂,含5 g/L硫代硫酸钠+5 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液和含10 g/L硫代硫酸钠+30 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液84消毒剂的中和剂,设消毒剂+菌悬液、消毒剂+菌悬液+中和剂、中和剂+菌悬液、消毒剂+中和剂+菌悬液、稀释液+菌悬液(阳性对照)、稀释液+中和剂+培养基(阴性对照)6个试验组,进行中和剂的筛选,并检测不同浓度新洁尔灭(1∶15、1∶30)和84消毒剂(1∶50、1∶100)分别作用1、5、10、20 min时对2株菌的灭菌率。【结果】 PCR结果表明,成功构建了缺失株Lm90SB2ΔinlK,且inlK基因的缺失导致Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01);含3 g/L卵磷脂+3 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液构成的中和剂可有效中和新洁尔灭消毒剂,5 g/L硫代硫酸钠+5 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液可有效中和84消毒剂。不同比例的新洁尔灭(1∶15、1∶30)和84消毒剂(1∶50、1∶100)消毒剂在1、5、10 min对Lm90SB2ΔinlK株的灭菌率均显著或极显著高于Lm90SB2株(P<0.05;P<0.01),且在20 min时灭菌率均为100%。【结论】 inlK基因的缺失导致Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力下降,且对消毒剂抗力减弱。     

菌渣基质化利用中存在的问题与应对策略探讨

我国食用菌菌渣产生量巨大,并具有庞大的园艺基质市场需求,菌渣基质化利用意义重大。菌渣因其独特的理化特性和丰富的养分,具有极好的基质化利用潜力,但目前基质化应用依然不多。针对此现状,总结归纳了菌渣基质化利用的主要问题,包括：菌渣理化性状变异大,一致化调控技术研究薄弱;菌渣电导率普遍较高,而高效降盐技术缺乏;现有的菌渣基质化利用主要是通过腐熟发酵后复配,未能充分发挥菌渣潜力。在此基础上,提出了针对性的菌渣基质化利用策略,以期为食用菌菌渣的高效基质化利用提供指导。     

土壤熏蒸剂棉隆联合太阳能消毒防治草莓土传病害效果及经济效益分析

太阳能消毒技术在世界范围内广泛使用, 由于其经常受到气候差异的影响导致效果不稳定, 通常与其他措施结合以加强防治效果。种植前采用土壤熏蒸是土传病害的有效预防策略, 本研究通过监测土壤温度、理化性质、土传病原菌、草莓植株长势、产量和分析经济效益, 评价了不同浓度的土壤熏蒸剂棉隆和太阳能消毒联合处理对草莓土传病害的防治效果及经济效益分析。种植前棉隆熏蒸和太阳能消毒处理不仅能很好地控制土传病害, 其对镰刀菌属、疫霉属的抑制率分别为64.41%~84.75%、51.59%~86.94%, 而且显著提高了草莓的产量, 增产率为79.9%~99.4%;联合处理的成本较单独太阳能消毒处理仅增加约3.29%~13.17%, 但净收入增长率高达49.77%~66.28%。因此, 在草莓土传病害管理中, 土壤熏蒸与太阳能消毒处理相结合, 可以降低作物感染土传病害的风险, 保证作物稳定高产。     

夏玉米超高产适宜种植密度研究

超高产条件下,以登海661(晚熟型)和郑单958(中熟型)2个玉米品种为材料,研究了5个种植密度对其产量的影响.结果表明,在每667m2 1500～6000 株范围内,产量随种植密度的增加而提高,密度由6000株继续增加到7500株,产量呈下降趋势.超高产条件下,2个品种达到667m2产900kg的最佳种植密度均为6000株.     

农业专利产业化现状及制约因素

本文根据农业专利产业化的现状,分析了影响农业专利产业化的制约因素主要有三个方面:其一,农业专利数量偏少、质量较低;其二,农业是一个弱质产业;最后,促进农业专利产业化的社会条件不成熟。