海南岛桉林土壤肥力的研究

海南岛主要植枝区的土壤肥力状况差异极大,其中大部分桉林分布在贫瘠的褐色砖红壤、燥红土和滨海砂土上,这些土壤有效肥力和潜在肥力都不高。在热带地区营造桉林后,林地土壤肥力下降,土壤明显酸化。初步拟定了桉树速生丰产的土壤肥力指标,供桉树配方平衡施肥参考。     

Seed Biology,Stand Characteristics,and Regeneration of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance

Fruit size and seed moisture content were measured and seed production and dispersal were monitored to understand the seed biology of the Korean ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance) in two Korean ash forests. A combination of four ground treatments and four crown closure levels were created in a natural forest to understand the site conditions needed for seedling emergence in natural stands and to determine practical regeneration methods for direct seeding. The seed size of Korean ash increased until late May and its moisture content decreased rapidly in early November. Prolific seed bearing occurred every 3 yr. The distance of seed dispersal by wind was about 30 m, but more than 90% of the seeds dispersed within 10 m from the seed trees. Twenty-five seed trees per hectare provided for successful natural regeneration. The seedling emergence in the natural stands was best with scarification treatment and 25～50% of crown closure.     

Isoflavone aglycon and glucoconjugate content of high- and low-soy U.K. foods used in nutritional studies

The isoflavone aglycon and glucoconjugate content of commercially prepared and "home-prepared" high- and low-soy foods selected for use in an on-going nutritional study were measured by LC-MS. The daidzin, daidzein, 6"-O-malonyldaidzin, 6"-O-acetyldaidzin, genistein, genistin, 6"-O-malonylgenistin, 6"-O-acetylgenistin, glycitin, glycitein, 6"-O-malonylglycitin, and 6"-O-acetylglycitin content are expressed in terms of individual isoflavones, total isoflavone equivalents, and milligrams of isoflavones per portion served. Soybeans (774 mg x kg(-1) total isoflavones) and soybean-containing foods had the highest isoflavone content of the foods examined. The low-soy foods all contained very low concentrations (<8 mg x kg(-1) total isoflavones) of the isoflavone aglycons and glucoconjugates. High- and low-soy 11 day rotating menus were constructed from the analyzed foods to deliver 100.0 and 0.5 mg of isoflavones per day, respectively.     

CYSTOGRAPHY: EFFECT OF TECHNIQUE ON DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTITIS IN DOGS

Double-constrast and positive-contrast cystograms were performed in 12 dogs. After cystography, E. coli cystitis was induced in nine of the 12 dogs. The remaining three dogs were used as controls. Double contrast and positive-contrast cystograms were repeated threee, seven and 14 days later. During cystography, bladders were distended to mild, moderate, and complete degrees of distention. Mucosal irregularity decreased with increasing bladder distention and was more likely to be seen on double-contrast than on the positive-contrast cystogram. When seen on both types of studies, mucosal irregularity was more obvious on double-contrast than it was on the positive-contrast custogram. Bladder wall thickness decreased with increasing distention; in some dogs with mild cystitis, abnormal wall thickness was masked by complete bladder distention. Bladder wall thickness could be measured more often on double-contrast than on the positive contrast cystograms. Wall thickness measurments made on both types of studies were similar. It was concluded that lesions of mild to moderate cystitis may be missed when the bladder is completely distended, and that the double-contrast cystogram is more sensetive for evaluating mucosal margivation and bladder wall thickness than is the positive-contrast cystogram     

Annual and lunar-synchronized ovarian activity in two rabbitfish species in the Chuuk lagoon, Micronesia

ABSTRACT:   This study examined the annual and the lunar cycles of ovarian activity in the forktail rabbitfish Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) and the spiny rabbitfish Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758), which were collected from the Chuuk lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased in May and June for S. argenteus . For S. spinus , GSI increased in March, and from July to September. During these periods, the ovaries of these species contained oocytes at the tertiary yolk stage or the maturation stage, suggesting that these months are the reproductive season of the two species. During the reproductive season, weekly collection of the fish according to the lunar phase revealed that high GSI occurred around the last quarter moon for S. argenteus and the new moon for S. spinus . In the ovaries, oocytes developed synchronously, and postovulatory follicles, an indicator of spawning, were observed after the respective moon phase, suggesting that these species are restricted lunar-synchronized spawners. Comparisons of the reproductive activity of the two rabbitfishes in the Chuuk lagoon with that in Okinawa waters revealed that there is a geographic difference in the reproductive activity between habitats. However, the lunar phase for exertion of synchronous gonadal maturation and spawning is common in both regions.     

Early regeneration of Fraxinus rhynchophylla in the understorey of Larix kaempferi stands in response to thinning

The effects of thinning were investigated on naturally regeneratedFraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (Korean ash) grown in the understoreyof a Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. plantation, established ona site that previously supported old growth hardwood forests.The regeneration characteristics were evaluated after thinningof the plantation (about 60 per cent of relative density wasremoved). In the naturally regenerated and mixed stands, Quercusmongolica Fisch. was the most abundant tree species in the overstorey,but the understorey of the thinned plantations was dominatedby F. rhynchophylla with six other minor tree species. Fraxinusrhynchophylla was regenerated by four propagation types includingnatural seedling, stump sprout, root sprout and layering. Beforethinning, the difference of average height growth for each regenerationtype was insignificant. One year after thinning, the stump sproutsshowed the fastest growth among the regeneration types. Heightgrowth of advance regeneration was slow in the year followingthinning but then increased rapidly surpassing the other regenerationtypes 5 years after thinning. Thinning had an effect on thecomposition of regenerated trees also by seedling, stump sprout,root sprout and layering in the understorey. Advance regenerationsoccupied the upper understorey at 5 years after thinning. Alarge number of stump sprouts emerged in the plots 1 year afterthinning, while at 5 years after thinning the occupation ofstump sprouts decreased. Root sprouts and layers faded away.Considering the early growth and the composition of understoreyF. rhynchophylla, its advance regeneration has a high potentialto develop into overstorey trees at this site.     

Forest and Forestry Research and Education in Mongolia

Since 1990, after the dramatic change in Mongolia's political and economic system, human impact on forest resources highly increased and became continuously degraded due to improper exploitation, forest fire, mining, pest and disease, uncontrolled grazing, and inadequate management which negatively affect its environmental conditions causing severe deforestation, desertification, and ecological stress in some regions of the country. Forestry research and education became fragmented in Mongolia. Several institutions and universities conducted vague and in some cases duplicating research topics. Hence, this article aims to understand the current status and issues as well as to formulate possible solutions in strengthening and developing forest and forestry research and education in the country.