The potential of mini-ridging for controlling intrarow weeds: estimating minimum lethal burial depth

Weed management using synthetic herbicides is undergoing a global decline, necessitating a re-evaluation of existing control measures and the development of novel weed management tools. ‘Mini-ridging’ is a non-discriminatory, physical weeding method that functions by burying weeds in the intrarow with a laterally shifted ridge of soil. In glasshouse trials using potted plants, we found that plant recovery after soil application was influenced by plant size, which in turn was influenced by plant species, developmental stage and/or age. The likelihood of plant recovery after soil application was negatively related to the depth of soil applied: very few plants survived total coverage by soil but, conversely, survival could be substantial if some parts of the plants were not covered. The results suggest that burial under a depth of 6 cm of soil would eliminate most plants regardless of species or growth stage. Larger plants would require the application of a greater total depth of soil to achieve this 6 cm of soil cover, and weed management would, therefore, tend to be more successful and more practical if weeds were targeted when still small. This research demonstrates the potential of plant burial as a simple and reliable means of non-chemical weed management, and re-emphasises that, for weed control to be effective, the applied soil layer must cover the whole plant.     

柽柳MnSOD基因

在环境胁迫下,植物体内活性氧(ROS)的大量积累会对其本身产生毒害作用。SOD酶在清除这些活性氧化酶机制中发挥关键作用。大量研究表明,MnSOD可有效增强转基因植物抵抗氧化胁迫的能力。我们从抗逆性较强的木本植物紫杆柽柳中克隆到一个新的MnSOD基因,并将该全长基因在GenBank上注册,其登录号分别为AY573576(基因序列)和AAS77885(氨基酸序列)。这将为研究木本植物的抗逆机理和该酶在抗逆基因工程中的应用奠定基础。     

广西柑橘产业优势及其利用探讨

柑橘是是广西的重要果树品种,在水果产业中占有重要地位。通过对广西柑橘业的现状剖析,从自然资源、品种资源、社会资源、季节、成本、质量、区位等方面提出广西发展柑橘的优势,并对这些优势的利用及实现措施进行探讨,将有利于做强做大广西的柑橘产业。     

基于RBF网络的联合收获机脱粒滚筒恒速控制

对联合收获机行走、收割、脱粒系统进行分析,提出了系统数学模型的基本形式.针对该模型的高阶次、非线性和难以准确获得具体参数等问题,将模型差分方程的基本形式分解为与控制信号无关和有关的2个部分,利用RBF神经网络技术分别对2个部分进行在线辨识,控制器根据辨识结果进行控制,构建了自适应控制.利用该系统进行了不同条件下的仿真和试验,试验证明利用RBF网络可快速有效地拟合被控对象.当对象参数发生变化时,系统可实现跟踪适应,达到较好的控制效果.     

基于机器视觉的水下河蟹识别方法

为了探测河蟹在池塘中的数量及分布情况,为自动投饵船提供可靠的数据反馈,提出了基于机器视觉的水下河蟹识别方法。该方法通过在投饵船下方安装摄像头进行河蟹图像实时采集,针对水下光线衰减大、视野模糊等特点,采用优化的Retinex算法提高图像对比度,增强图像细节,修改基于深度卷积神经网络YOLO V3的输入输出,并采用自建的数据集对其进行训练,实现了对水下河蟹的高精度识别。实验所训练的YOLO V3模型在测试集上的平均精度均值达86. 42%,对水下河蟹识别的准确率为96. 65%,召回率为91. 30%。实验对比了多种目标检测算法,仅有YOLO V3在识别准确率和识别速率上均达到较高水平。在同一硬件平台上YOLO V3的识别速率为10. 67 f/s,优于其他算法,具有较高的实时性和应用价值。     

农业机器人自主导航改进自适应滤波控制器研究

为提高导航精度与控制精度,对农业机器人的自主导航控制进行研究。结合Sage-Husa自适应滤波与强跟踪卡尔曼滤波两种算法优点,利用严格收敛判据,设计了改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。新算法保证了系统的实时性和稳定性,且具有更好的滤波精度。利用变结构切换方法来阻止PID控制器积分饱和现象,有效解决了控制器过饱和问题。将改进的自适应滤波算法与变结构PID控制器相结合,可提高导航系统的稳定性和精度。对所提理论进行仿真与试验,结果表明该方法大幅度提高了滤波器抑制发散的能力和导航的控制精度。     

水产养殖无人导航明轮船运动仿真与试验

无人导航明轮船依据目前经验公式计算的明轮推力和实际推力偏差较大,不利于控制系统的设计,为此给出明轮驱动力计算方法,建立明轮船水动力仿真模型,并据此进行了正航和回转仿真。为验证模型,在试验艇上安装高精度GPS设备及通信装置,在设定明轮船航速0.4 m/s、左明轮转速60 r/min、右明轮转速40 r/min条件下进行了试验,测量并记录了航行轨迹数据,经GPS设备测量得到的回转直径为3.2 m。仿真和试验结果表明,通过控制明轮可以使明轮船实现正航和回转运动,具有较好的低速机动性和操纵性。     

采摘机器人视觉伺服控制系统设计

分析了采摘机器人目标位置与机器人关节角度之间的运动学关系,给出了两者之间的坐标变换公式.根据伺服控制特点,在机器人伺服控制中引入模糊PID控制方法,利用模糊控制策略在线自适应整定PID参数,提高了控制系统的动、静态性能.仿真和实验结果验证了设计的合理性和有效性.     

配电系统可靠性数据统计与分析

本文以某市配电系统为主要研究对象，通过与国内外配电系统可靠性数据的对比，找出该配电系统在网络结构，设备可靠性及运行管理方面的不足，提出提高其可靠性的技术与管理措施。     

Orthopedic Infections in Equine Long Bone Fractures and Arthrodeses Treated by Internal Fixation: 192 Cases (1990–2006)

Objective: To determine the rate of postoperative infection (POI) for internal fixation repaired equine long bone fractures and arthrodeses and identify associated risk factors. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses (n=192) with fracture repair of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones, radius, ulna, humerus, tibia, and femur, or arthrodesis with internal fixation. Methods: Medical records (1990–2006) were reviewed for signalment, anatomic location, fracture classification and method of repair, technique and surgical duration, bacterial species isolated, postoperative care, onset of POI, and outcome. Results: Of 192 horses (171 [89%] closed, 21 [11%] open fractures), 157 (82%) were discharged from the hospital. Infection occurred in 53 (28% horses), of which 31 (59%) were discharged. Repairs without POI were 7.25 times more likely to be discharged from the hospital. Closed fractures were 4.23 times more likely to remain uninfected and 4.59 times more likely to be discharged from the hospital compared with open fractures. Closed reduction and internal fixation was associated with a 2.5‐fold reduction in rate of POI and a 5.9 times greater chance for discharge from the hospital compared with open reduction and internal fixation. Females had a strong trend for increased POI when compared with colts and stallion but not geldings. Conclusions: Overall rate of POI was 28%. Fracture classification, method of repair, gender, and surgical duration were significant risk factors.