规模化养猪场疾病防控

养猪场以前饲养数量较少时采用传统的综合防控措施,如免疫接种、药物预防和治疗等,在疾病防控方面都起到关键作用且效果明显,但是随着饲养数量增加,只采用上述措施远远不够,应树立创新理念和生物安全措施,才能更有效的防控疾病发生。     

Canine fetal echocardiography: correlations for the analysis of cardiac dimensions

The aim of this study was to develop regression models for correlation of canine fetal heart development with body size to characterize normal development or suggest cardiac anomalies. Twenty clinically healthy pregnant bitches, either brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic, were examined ultrasonographically. Transabdominal fetal echocardiography was conducted every 4 days from the beginning of cardiac chambers differentiation until parturition. Ten cardiac parameters were measured: length, width and diameter of the heart; heart area; left and right ventricular dimensions; left and right atrial dimensions; and aortic and pulmonary artery diameter. Femoral length, biparietal diameter and abdominal cross-sectional area were also recorded. Regression equations were developed for each parameter of fetal body size, and linear and logarithmic models were compared. The model with the highest correlation coefficient was chosen to produce equations to calculate relative dimensions based on the correlations. Only the left-ventricular chamber differed between the two racial groups. Biparietal diameter was the independent parameter that produced the highest correlation coefficient for the most fetal cardiac dimensions, although good correlations were also observed using femoral length and abdominal cross-sectional area. Heart width and heart diameter were used as surrogates of cardiac development, as these measurements showed the best statistical correlation. Quantitative evaluation of fetal cardiac structures can be used to monitor normal and abnormal cardiac development.     

Tenogenic induction of equine mesenchymal stem cells by means of growth factors and low-level laser technology

Tendons regenerate poorly due to a dense extracellular matrix and low cellularity. Cellular therapies aim to improve tendon repair using mesenchymal stem cells and tenocytes; however, a current limitation is the low proliferative potential of tenocytes in cases of severe trauma. The purpose of this study was to develop a method useful in veterinary medicine to improve the differentiation of Peripheral Blood equine mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) into tenocytes. PB-MSCs were used to study the effects of the addition of some growth factors (GFs) as TGFβ3 (transforming growth factor), EGF2 (Epidermal growth factor), bFGF2 (Fibroblast growth factor) and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) in presence or without Low Level Laser Technology (LLLT) on the mRNA expression levels of genes important in the tenogenic induction as Early Growth Response Protein-1 (EGR1), Tenascin (TNC) and Decorin (DCN). The singular addition of GFs did not show any influence on the mRNA expression of tenogenic genes whereas the specific combinations that arrested cell proliferation in favour of differentiation were the following: bFGF2 + TGFβ3 and bFGF2 + TGFβ3 + LLLT. Indeed, the supplement of bFGF2 and TGFβ3 significantly upregulated the expression of Early Growth Response Protein-1 and Decorin, while the use of LLLT induced a significant increase of Tenascin C levels. In conclusion, the present study might furnish significant suggestions for developing an efficient approach for tenocyte induction since the external administration of bFGF2 and TGFβ3, along with LLLT, influences the differentiation of PB-MSCs towards the tenogenic fate.     

Immunological and pathological investigations in equine experimental uveitis

Background

The pathogenic mechanism of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is still poorly defined and many variations between experimental animal models and spontaneous disease exist.

Objectives

The aim of our study was to investigate if Th17 cell-mediated response plays role in the pathogenesis of the used experimental model in horses and to reveal its pathological findings.

Methods

Experimental uveitis was induced in 6 healthy horses. The concentrations of retinal autoantigen CRALBP and IL-17 were measured using ELISA in aqueous humor and vitreous body of the 12 inflamed eyes as well as in 12 control non-inflamed eyes taken from 6 horses in slaughter house. After centrifugation of the two eye media, smears were prepared and cytological investigation was performed. Tissue specimens were taken from all eye globes and were submitted to histopathological investigation.

Results

CRALBP and IL-17 concentrations were significantly elevated in eye media of horses with experimental uveitis in comparison with controls. Cytological and histopathological findings corresponded to the changes characteristic of chronic immune-mediated inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration of uvea, choroid, retina, and eye media as well as severe retinal destruction.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the involvement of the retinal autoantigen CRALBP as well as IL-17 in the pathogenesis of experimental uveitis in horses. These findings suggests that this experimental uveitis in horses may serve as a suitable animal model for investigation of IL-17- mediated immune response during spontaneous autoimmune uveitis in horses as well as in humans.

     

微生物菌剂在蔬菜基质研发与应用上的研究进展

综述了在固体有机废弃物基质发酵过程中,添加微生物菌剂对堆体温度、p H值、养分含量和C/N等关键腐熟指标的影响,分析了微生物菌剂在蔬菜基质育苗和栽培上的应用效果及其作用机制,并展望了微生物菌剂在未来基质研发上的应用前景,以期为含有微生物菌剂的功能型蔬菜基质开发提供新的思路。     

20份欧洲型黄瓜种质资源的半致死温度与耐热性研究

为探讨不同欧洲型黄瓜种质资源对高温的适应性差异,为耐热种质资源筛选及耐热机理的深入研究提供理论和实践依据,以20份欧洲型黄瓜的叶片为材料,设置6个高温处理,以室温为对照,测定浸提液电导率值并计算相对电导率,通过拟合Logistic方程,计算半致死温度(LT50)。试验结果表明,随着温度升高,相对电导率呈"S"型曲线,且相对电导率与处理温度存在显著的直线相关关系,通过计算"S"型曲线拐点求得20份欧洲型黄瓜的半致死温度在45~51℃,其中33-2的半致死温度最高,达到50.09℃,37-1的半致死温度最低,为45.82℃。20份欧洲型黄瓜的耐高温能力由强到弱依次为33-275-232-233-111-231-209-236-276-136-137-210-135-276-211-143-235-175-132-137-1。因此,半致死温度可作为评价欧洲型黄瓜耐热性的一个可靠指标。     

双向电液比例张力绞车的直接自适应鲁棒控制

设计了基于比例溢流阀调压回路的双向电液比例张力绞车,并进行了理论分析。针对液压系统的不确定性因素以及卷绕机构参数变化对张力控制的影响,提出了直接自适应鲁棒电液张力控制方法,并用张力负载模拟试验系统进行了研究。理论分析与试验均表明,对于具有不确定性因素的张力跟踪控制,所设计的电液张力绞车及其控制策略,具有良好的控制性能。     

中药“增免散”对免疫抑制鸡免疫功能的影响

将300只1日龄雏鸡随机分成正常对照组、中药“增免散”组、环磷酰胺组、环磷酰胺组 左旋咪唑组、环磷酰胺 “增免散”组,6日龄用鸡新城疫LaSota疫苗免疫点眼滴鼻,14、21、28、35日龄测定鸡血液ND抗体效价、免疫器官指数、细胞免疫功能、红细胞免疫粘附功能等,探索中药“增免散”的免疫增强机理。结果表明:中药“增免散”不但能显著提高Lasota活苗接种雏鸡的特异性HI抗体水平,延长其持续时间,能促进雏鸡免疫器官的生长发育,能显著增高雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率,并对雏鸡红细胞免疫粘附功能具有显著促进作用,而且对环磷酰胺的免疫抑制有部分拮抗作用。