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21.
Magni C Ballabio C Restani P Sironi E Scarafoni A Poiesi C Duranti M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2275-2281
The allergenicity of seed storage proteins, the major components of edible legume seeds, may cause serious reactions in both children and adult population. Updated methodologies for evaluation of the activity of these proteins are needed. In this paper we used two-dimensional (2D) electrophoretic techniques to investigate the immuno-cross-reactivities of anti Ara h 3 basic subunit IgG to the seed proteomes of three legume species, namely, peanut, soybean, and lupin. The seed proteins, extracted with two different procedures, were separated by 2D electrophoresis, and the electrophoretic maps were analyzed by Western blot. In peanut proteome the antibodies strongly reacted with the 23 kDa polypeptides, corresponding to Ara h 3 basic isoforms, the antigen they were raised to, and three unidentified acidic polypeptides near 45 kDa. Remarkable cross-reactivities with lupin and soybean Ara h 3 homologous polypeptides and nonrelated proteins, namely, lupin conglutin gamma and soybean Bg7S, were detected. Therefore, these proteins may be regarded as new putative allergens. The present findings show the potentiality of 2D electrophoresis in the identification of food allergens and open the way to the traceability of the new cross-reacting proteins in the food chain. 相似文献
22.
Claudio Chiesa Alma Dal Prà Giancarlo Guarneri Sandro Penso Leonardo Rodella Laura Volterra Adriano Zugno 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,34(3):241-244
Results from examining shellfish collected from ‘safe’ (2–34Escherichia coli/100 mL) and ‘unsafe’ (> 34E. coli/100 mL) waters for the presence ofYersinia enterocolitica and related bacteria are reported. The recovery of these microorganisms was low in bivalve mollusks destined for food consumption, high in those derived from prohibited areas. No human pathogenic bio-serogroup f Yersinia was found during the entire survey. 相似文献
23.
Claudio E. Rafanelli Gianna L. Petriconi Henry M. Papee 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1978,9(4):403-412
The dissipation of chemical elements from ash basin effluent was determined by use of neutron activation analysis of sediment, water, plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate samples taken from successive sites through the drainage system. Samples were tested for concentrations of 40 elements for a 12 mo period. Three different modes of dissipation were found. The major mechanism for removal of chemical elements from effluent was sedimentation into the benthic sediment. All biota had greater concentrations of chemicals than did water, with invertebrates having slightly higher levels than did plants and vertebrates. Ten elements were more concentrated in at least one biotic group than in the sediment. Concentrations of six elements in the drainage system exceeded the EPA recommended limits for surface waters. The observed modes of dissipation in this aquatic system emphasize the necessity for stable biotic communities present to permit cycling of chemical elements. 相似文献
24.
Enzymatic activity (EA) was explored as a possible tool for composting characterization. Three composts (yard wastes, cotton wastes and a mixture of the two) were sampled during different phases of the process and divided in two fractions. The first was immediately analysed for microbial biomass C (BC) and EAs (β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase). The second fraction was air-dried prior to analysis for the same EAs and for organic C (CORG), total N (NTOT), dissolved organic C (DOC), extractable C (CE) and humic-like C (CH).BC decreased throughout the composting period (149 days), whereas EA in moist fractions stabilized between 50 (β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase) and 90 (arylsulphatase, acid phosphatase) days of composting.EA was always reduced by air‐drying (β-glucosidase: 40-80%; arylsulphatase: 10-50%; acid phosphatase: 10-70%; alkaline phosphatase: 50-90%), but this effect was less prominent as composting proceeded, especially for β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase.EA in air-dried samples displayed the same trend as in moist ones, except that there was a marked difference (47-66%) between initial and final activities of all four enzymes.EAs in air‐dried compost and content of humic-like substances showed a similar trend: a marked increase in the first 90 days of the process and no significant variations afterwards. This suggests that the formation of humic-enzymatic complexes has taken place and indicates that this process occurs almost totally during the first stage of composting.EA steadiness in air-dried samples occurred concurrently with the achievement of compost stability, as indicated by the conventional indexes (i.e. CH, CORG/NTOT). Therefore, the development of a stable enzyme activity in air-dried compost could represent a simple measure of compost stabilization in routine analysis of composting process. 相似文献
25.
R. Infante L. Contador P. Rubio K. Mesa C. Meneses 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,61(1):35-40
There is a need to develop alternative harvest indexes for black skinned plums. The aim of this research was to analyze and compare the most commonly used indexes for deciding the harvest date for Japanese plum, and evaluate the effectiveness of new approaches for studying maturation. The ripening process was monitored on-tree and during postharvest in a non-destructive way, through the absorbance of chlorophyll (IAD), the compression strength of the intact fruit, and the traditional parameters associated with ripening. Fruit were harvested at commercial ripeness and “tree-ripe”, and were stored for 10 d at 22 °C and 75-80% RH. The IAD decreased during the last phase of development of the fruit on-tree, and it was related to the common indexes used for plums. ‘Angeleno’ showed a decrease of the IAD 24% lower than that observed for ‘Autumn beaut’. The IAD versus time showed the highest coefficients of determination when compared with the soluble solids concentration (SSC), flesh firmness, hue (H°) and chroma (C*) of the skin. The compression strength of the intact fruit was associated with flesh firmness, and to a lesser extent with the SSC for ‘Angeleno’, whereas for ‘Autumn beaut’ higher correlations for both the SSC and flesh firmness were observed. The C* of the skin on ‘Autumn beaut’ showed an erratic change during ripening; by contrast, for ‘Angeleno’, this index showed a clear trend. During postharvest it was observed that for ‘Angeleno’ fruit picked at commercial ripeness, the rate of change of the IAD was practically the same as observed on-tree, while for ‘Autumn beaut’ the rates of change on-tree and at postharvest were 0.075 IAD d−1 and 0.024 IAD d−1, respectively. For the “tree-ripe” fruit, the rate of change was practically the same for both cultivars. Similar trends were observed for the compression strength. 相似文献
26.
Aiuti A Slavin S Aker M Ficara F Deola S Mortellaro A Morecki S Andolfi G Tabucchi A Carlucci F Marinello E Cattaneo F Vai S Servida P Miniero R Roncarolo MG Bordignon C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5577):2410-2413
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy for adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has shown limited clinical efficacy because of the small proportion of engrafted genetically corrected HSCs. We describe an improved protocol for gene transfer into HSCs associated with nonmyeloablative conditioning. This protocol was used in two patients for whom enzyme replacement therapy was not available, which allowed the effect of gene therapy alone to be evaluated. Sustained engraftment of engineered HSCs with differentiation into multiple lineages resulted in increased lymphocyte counts, improved immune functions (including antigen-specific responses), and lower toxic metabolites. Both patients are currently at home and clinically well, with normal growth and development. These results indicate the safety and efficacy of HSC gene therapy combined with nonmyeloablative conditioning for the treatment of SCID. 相似文献
27.
Caruso C Candore G Colonna-Romano G Lio D Franceschi C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5707):208-9; author reply 208-9
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29.
After a period of deflation during the 1991-1993 flank eruption, Mount Etna underwent a rapid inflation. Seismicity and ground deformation show that since 1994, a huge volume of magma intruded beneath the volcano, producing from 1998 onward a series of eruptions at the summit and on the flank of the volcano. The last of these, started on 27 October 2002, is still in progress and can be considered one of the most explosive eruptions of the volcano in recent times. Here we show how geodetic data and seismic deformation, between 1994 and 2001, indicate a radial compression around an axial intrusion, consistent with a repressurization of Mount Etna's plumbing system at a depth of 6 to 15 kilometers, which triggered most of the seismicity and provoked the dilatation of the volcano and the recent explosive eruptive activity. 相似文献
30.
Colbourne JK Pfrender ME Gilbert D Thomas WK Tucker A Oakley TH Tokishita S Aerts A Arnold GJ Basu MK Bauer DJ Cáceres CE Carmel L Casola C Choi JH Detter JC Dong Q Dusheyko S Eads BD Fröhlich T Geiler-Samerotte KA Gerlach D Hatcher P Jogdeo S Krijgsveld J Kriventseva EV Kültz D Laforsch C Lindquist E Lopez J Manak JR Muller J Pangilinan J Patwardhan RP Pitluck S Pritham EJ Rechtsteiner A Rho M Rogozin IB Sakarya O Salamov A Schaack S Shapiro H Shiga Y Skalitzky C Smith Z Souvorov A Sung W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6017):555-561
We describe the draft genome of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, which is only 200 megabases and contains at least 30,907 genes. The high gene count is a consequence of an elevated rate of gene duplication resulting in tandem gene clusters. More than a third of Daphnia's genes have no detectable homologs in any other available proteome, and the most amplified gene families are specific to the Daphnia lineage. The coexpansion of gene families interacting within metabolic pathways suggests that the maintenance of duplicated genes is not random, and the analysis of gene expression under different environmental conditions reveals that numerous paralogs acquire divergent expression patterns soon after duplication. Daphnia-specific genes, including many additional loci within sequenced regions that are otherwise devoid of annotations, are the most responsive genes to ecological challenges. 相似文献