基于CDIO理念的食品安全学课程改革与实践

基于CDIO工程教育理念,根据食品安全学的课程特点,从该课程的教学内容、教学模式以及考核方式方面进行了探索。通过这些教学改革与尝试,充分调动了学生学习的积极性和主动性,提高了其分析问题、解决问题的能力,增强了其实践创新与合作能力。     

粗糙集神经网络在昆虫总科阶元分类学上的应用

为研究粗糙集和神经网络相结合方法的实践性,以及昆虫的数学形态特征在总科阶元上作为分类特征的可行性、可靠性和重要性。从总科角度对鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera)5个总科23种虫体图像中提取的昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行粗糙集神经网络分析。结果表明:在总科阶元上,11项特征的可靠性大小为,面积、亮斑数>周长、横轴长、形状参数、圆形性、似圆度、偏心率>纵轴长、叶状性、球状性,与赵汗青等的统计分析结果中属性特征的重要性大多数一致;神经网络模式识别结果与传统分类结果完全一致。应用粗糙集理论进行昆虫数学形态特征分类结果准确;在昆虫总科阶元分类上粗糙集神经网络较统计学方法具有优势。     

基于Ecopath模型的海水池塘主要养殖模式比较分析

为了揭示台州温岭地区海水池塘不同养殖模式间的物质流动规律,以贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖2种模式的海水池塘为研究对象,基于EWE 6.5软件分别构建了14和15个功能组的Ecopath模型。结果显示,综合养殖模式第Ⅰ、Ⅱ营养级之间物质传输效率(52.1%)高于贝类单养模式(26.5%),同时其碎屑组的物质流通量占比(20.81%)也高于贝类单养模式(4.64%)。与贝类单养模式相比,综合养殖模式关键种从大型浮游动物转为凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),混合营养效益分析显示虾功能组主要对浮游生物和碎屑产生影响,导致浮游动物生态营养学效率(Ecotrophic efficiency, EE)升高,浮游植物EE值降低,而两种模式中贝类功能组混合营养效益未发生明显改变。贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖模式的Finn’s循环指数分别为2.75%和13.21%,系统连接指数分别为0.256和0.250,杂食指数分别为0.049和0.065,这表明由于综合养殖模式具有更完善的食物网,整体结构要优于单养模式,但两种模式整体成熟度和稳定性均较低,存在较大提升空间,可引入新功能组,以进一步提高系统稳...     

Effects of carbon nanotubes on morphological structure, thermal and flammability properties of electrospun composite fibers consisting of lauric acid and polyamide 6 as thermal energy storage materials

The ultrafine composite fibers consisting of lauric acid (LA) and polyamide 6 (PA6) as form-stable phase change materials (PCMs), were prepared successfully by electrospinning. The effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the structural morphology, phase change behaviors, thermal stability, flammability and thermal conductivity properties of electrospun LA/PA6 composite fibers was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and melting/freezing times measurements, respectively. SEM observations indicated that the LA/PA6 and LA/PA6/CNTs composite fibers possessed flat and ribbon-shaped morphologies, but the neat PA6 fibers had cylindrical shape with smooth surface; and the average fiber diameters for LA/PA6 composite fibers decreased generally with the addition of CNTs. DSC measurements indicated that the heat enthalpies of the composite fibers were lower that that of neat LA powders, while the amounts of CNTs had no appreciable effect on the phase change temperatures and heat enthalpies of the composite fibers. TGA results showed that the addition of CNTs increased the onset thermal degradation temperature, maximum weight loss temperature and charred residue at 700 °C of the composite fibers, attributed to the improved thermal stability properties. It could be found from MCC tests that there were two-step combustion processes for composite fibers, and corresponded respectively to combustion of LA and polymer chains (PA6) in composite fibers. The addition of CNTs reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of electrospun composite fibers, contributing to the decreased flammability properties. The improved thermal conductivity performances of LA/PA6/CNTs composite fibers was also confirmed by comparing the melting/freezing times of LA/PA6 composite fibers with that of neat LA powders. The results from the SEM observation showed that the composite fibers had no appreciable variations in shape and diameter after heating/cooling processes.     

DEM栅格分辨率对多元线性土壤—景观模型及其制图应用的影响

以亚热带丘陵地区为对象,以该区4 km×3 km的5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m、25 m、30 m数字高程模型(DEM)为基础,建立多元线性土壤景观模型,并应用该模型预测研究区内土壤表层有机质含量分布,进而比较不同分辨率DEM中土壤景观模型及其预测制图的精度。结果表明:在本研究区11 km2范围内,随着DEM栅格分辨率降低,坡度、曲率、比汇水面积(对数)频度均表现出了向其中值区集中的趋势;地形因子的这一变化规律对土壤景观模型的影响较小,例如模型的变量、变量系数及R2在不同分辨率DEM中的差异很小;但地形因子的这一变化规律对模型预测制图的精度具有较大影响,各项指标均说明,模型在10~25 m DEM中的制图精度较高,而在更高分辨率(5 m)或更低分辨率(30 m)DEM中较低。本研究结果对其他亚热带丘陵地区具有一定的指示意义。     

海南岛红树林的消长对水鸟的影响

选择海南岛有红树林分布的地点和红树林完全消失的地点,于2003-2005年冬季进行越冬水鸟资源调查.结果表明:在有红树林分布的区域如后水湾和东寨港等地,由于底栖生物的密度较高,因此水鸟的种类、数量以及水鸟多样性都明显高于没有红树林分布的地点.鸭科、鸻科和鹬科水鸟的数量和种数在两者之间并无显著差异,而鹭科鸟类的种数和数量以及鸥科鸟类的种数在两者之间存在着显著差异.一些体型中等的鹬类如红脚鹬、青脚鹬和泽鹬的数量明显多于没有红树林分布的地点.从判别分析的结果可以看出,鹭科鸟类的种数和总数量是判别两地点最重要的2个变量.     

蚜灰蝶及其他3种捕食性天敌对竹蚜的控制作用

在我国,竹类是一类广为栽植的经济林和用材林树种,同时也发展成为城市园林重要的观赏植物,而竹蚜是竹林的一类重要害虫,常造成竹林生长衰退,进而引发的竹林霉污病可进一步加剧竹林残败,并降低城市园林竹类的观赏价值。据安徽皖东竹林     

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Indonesian ethnomedical plants

Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of 20 Indonesian plants with ethnomedical uses have been assessed for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal properties by disk diffusion method. Extracts of the six plants: Terminalia catappa, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., Phyllanthus acuminatus, Ipomoea spp., Tylophora asthmatica and Hyptis brevipes demonstrated high activity in this bioassay system. These findings should stimulate the search for novel, natural product such as new antibacterial and antifungal agents.     

马尾松木荷混交林林分结构和土壤肥力研究

对马尾松木荷混交林与马尾松纯林林分生长、径阶分布及土壤理化性质研究表明 :马尾松与木荷以 2∶1比例行状混交 ,马尾松生长快 ,林分各径阶呈正态分布 ,林分生产力高、结构稳定。马尾松木荷混交林不仅提高土壤通透性和蓄水性 ,促进土壤良好结构形成 ,而且增加土壤养分含量 ,改善土壤肥力状况     

光叶紫花苕子不同翻压期对烤烟生长发育的影响

为了合理利用绿肥轮作改良烟田土壤、提高烤烟产质,在湖北恩施烟区采用田间试验研究了烤烟复种光叶紫花苕子作绿肥时不同翻压期对烤烟生长、产量和品质的影响。连续2年的定位试验表明,在减少化肥施用量15%、翻压绿肥15000 kg/hm2情况下,于烤烟移栽前15~25天翻压绿肥效果较好,烤烟株高、最大叶面积等农艺性状,根、茎、叶及整株干物质量,烟叶产量和产值接近于或高于常规施肥措施,但是移栽前35天翻压等量光叶紫花苕子作绿肥,烤烟生长明显较差,产量和产值显著降低。减少化肥用量15%基础上不同时期翻压绿肥,有利于烤烟上部叶发育,使其单叶重量增加4.5%~18.5%,还可使中上等烟比例提高2.7~8.6个百分点。