Determination of nitrofuran residues in milk of dairy cows using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of total bound and extractable residues of the nitrofuran drugs furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin in milk of dairy cows. The method involves overnight acid hydrolysis and simultaneous derivatization of the released side chains with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. During hydrolysis, the bound metabolites are hydrolyzed to the side chains. After pH adjustment and solid-phase extraction cleanup, the derivatives are detected and quantitated using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. Validation of the method is accomplished by fortifying control milk with a mixture of side chains at 1, 2, and 4 ng/g. Internal standards are added at the beginning of the procedure to compensate for matrix effects and recovery losses. Method accuracies range from 83 to 104% with coefficients of variation less than 13% for all four analytes. The limits of detection are相似文献   

油茶根系与内生细菌枯草芽孢杆菌互作早期的转录组分析

【目的】研究油茶-内生细菌互作早期的油茶根系转录组变化规律,为阐明油茶与内生细菌互作的分子机制提供依据。【方法】构建内生细菌枯草芽孢杆菌1-L-29gfp^r与油茶根系互作体系,以不同时间（0、6、12、24 h）的互作体系为研究材料,利用RNA-Seq技术对油茶根部进行转录组测序及分析。【结果】1)转录组测序共产生52 958 922条序列,约46.1 Gb,差异表达基因10 314条（FDR<0.05且|log₂FC|>1）。随着互作时间的延长差异表达基因数量呈高-低-高的趋势,接种6 h后差异表达基因数量为6 306个,其中显著上调3 434个,显著下调2 572个;接种12 h后显著上调903个,显著下调526个;接种24 h后显著上调1 195个,显著下调1 384个。2)GO富集分析表明：接种6 h油茶的生物学过程、分子功能方面变化最为明显,生物学过程中磷酸代谢、含磷化合物代谢、响应激素途径、茉莉酸代谢、响应细菌途径等;分子功能中萜烯合酶活性、双加氧酶活性等;细胞组分中膜固有成分等得到富集。3)KEGG通路分析中差异表达...     

关于太湖水生生物多样性(Aquatic Organisms Diversity)保护的思考

太湖自上世纪80年代开始鱼类品种逐渐减少。进入90年代后，太湖捕捞强度不断提升，水体富营养化程度迅速提高，水生生物平衡遭受严重破坏，太湖水生生物多样性功能降低。本文从太湖水生生物多样性降低的成因分析入手，提出保护太湖生物多样性的几种途径。     

棉花与早熟西瓜套作高效栽培模式试验

通过近两年在江西省北部的瑞昌市武蛟乡、湖口县武山镇和九江县永安乡试验基地开展棉花与早熟西瓜套作高效栽培试验,结果表明：在丘陵旱地栽2行棉花1行西瓜,棉花的株距45cm,双行间距60cm,密度12345株／hm2,西瓜的株距46cm,密度6000株／hm2,其配置模式效益最佳。其籽棉产量4147．9kg／hm2,西瓜产量为26250kg／hm2,两者产值达113592．5元,h0。     

喀斯特生态系统土壤表面电化学特征及其影响因子

以西南喀斯特典型石漠化生态系统土壤为研究对象,采用空间替代时间的方法,研究石漠化演替过程中土壤表面电化学特征演变规律及其与土壤理化性质的相关性。采用物质表面联合分析法对不同石漠化等级土壤表面电化学属性及进行测定。结果表明,土壤表面电荷密度、表面电场强度、比表面、表面电荷数量随石漠化强度的增加而下降,其变化范围分别为0.34 C·m-2~0.42 C·m-2、4.85×108 V·m-1~5.86×108 V·m-1、47.11 m2·g-1~53.16 m2·g-1、16.86 cmol·kg-1~22.82 cmol·kg-1,土壤表面电位随石漠化强度的增加而上升,其变化范围为-113.74 mV~ -115.10 mV;研究区黏土矿物组成为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石、伊蒙混层、绿蒙混层,且以绿蒙混层为主;土壤黏粒、砂粒、非晶质氧化铝、胡敏酸是影响喀斯特石漠化地区土壤表面电化学属性变化的主要因素,解释率分别为48.3%、38.1%、13.0%、12.0%;土壤粒径组成、有机质组分和金属氧化物对土壤表面电化学特征影响由强到弱依次分别为：土壤黏粒>砂粒>粉粒,胡敏酸>有机碳>富里酸,非晶质氧化铝>游离氧化铁>非晶质氧化铁。本研究对中国西南喀斯特石漠化土壤管理与调控、退化植被恢复重建具有重要意义。     

季铵铜防腐木中有效成分总流失率的动力学分析

以季铵铜防腐剂处理的南方松为试材,参照美国AWPA E11-06标准,分析10、30和50℃3种温度条件下防腐木中有效成分的总流失率,并基于时间-温度叠加原理,运用阿伦尼乌斯方程,进行总流失率的动力学分析.结果表明:3种温度条件下铜和DDAC的流失趋势是一致的.根据铜和DDAC总流失率,得出防腐木表面的活化能为Ea=54.59 kJ/moL,相关系数R2达到0.98以上,拟合性较好,由此证明可以用动力学分析方法预测ACQ防腐材中铜和DDAC在10～50℃温度范围内总流失率变化.     

基于Daubechies小波分析的汽车电控发动机失火故障诊断信息提取

采用Daubechies （dbN）小波分析方法,对汽车电控发动机的瞬时转速信号进行降噪处理与分析.应用Matlab中的一维小波分析函数,对汽车电控发动机瞬时转速信号进行不同阶数和层数的拟合效果分析,并确定出使原始转速信号失真较小的拟合消失矩阶数（10阶）和层数（3层）;基于发动机瞬时转速的平均值M、瞬时转速的标准差Sd、变异系数作为特征值以及发动机转速数据频率分布图的特点,对电控发动机产生失火状态的故障识别的明显性进行比较.研究结果表明,常用的发动机失火故障的诊断仅是利用断缸法识别转速的变化,而采用dbN小波分析方法可以有效的提取明显表征电控发动机失火故障状态的变异系数及发动机转速数值主频分布特点等信息,可进一步增强对失火故障的识别程度和诊断的准确性.     

济宁青山羊高繁殖力候选基因类固醇21-羟化酶基因(CYP21)的研究

采用PCR-SSCP和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术检测类固醇21-羟化酶基因(steroid 21-hydroxylase,CYP21)10个外显子在山羊(Capra hircus)低繁殖力品种(安哥拉山羊和内蒙古绒山羊)、中等繁殖力品种(波尔山羊)和高繁殖力品种(济宁青山羊)中的碱基变异,同时研究该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响.结果表明,10对引物中仅引物P10扩增片段存在多态性.对于P10扩增产物,在内蒙古绒山羊、波尔山羊和济宁青山羊中检测到AA、AB和BB基因型,在安哥拉山羊中检测到AA和AB基因型;测序分析发现,BB与AA基因型相比发生了A2789C、C2791A、G2818A、G2851C、G2852T和G2854A的突变,在第2821与2 822位发生了两个碱基CG的缺失突变,导致426～448位共有19个氨基酸发生改变;济宁青山羊BB和AB基因型产羔数最小二乘均值分别比AA基因型的多0.81只(P＜0.05)和0.47只(P＜0.05),BB和AB基因型之间差异不显著(P＜0.05).研究结果初步表明CYP21基因的B等位基因是提高山羊产羔数的一个潜在有效的DNA标记.     

Effect of soil copper on the response of soil fungal communities to the addition of plant residues

Organic residues provide the fundamental energy supply supporting soil fungal communities. Provision of adequate energy is required for soil microbial communities to adapt and function in the presence of ecological stress, such as copper (Cu) contamination. However, contamination can also lead to decreased ecological fitness of microorganisms, limiting their ability to access substrates. Thus, complex interactions exist between substrates, metals, energy supply/accessibility, fungal communities and their processes, and these have implications for ecosystem processes. We investigated the interaction between energy resources and Cu tolerance on soil fungal communities, including Fusarium and Trichoderma (model disease causing and beneficial genera). Using quantitative PCR and DGGE fingerprinting, the effects of increasing soil Cu levels (0 to >3000 mg Cu kg⁻¹ soil) on size and structure of soil fungal communities were tested under basal and plant-residue (medic; Medicago trunculata) added conditions. The interaction between increasing soil Cu levels and the addition of plant resources on fungal community structure was tested using multivariate analysis. The relative size (DNA copies per unit of soil DNA) of soil fungal communities, including Trichoderma and Fusarium, significantly (P < 0.05) increased (94% and 32% respectively) with addition of medic to soil. In medic-applied samples, the bacterial to fungal ratio decreased, demonstrating the selective influence of the cellulose-rich substrate on the fungal community. Under the high nutrient conditions fungal DNA increased as a fraction of the total soil DNA, demonstrating the tolerance of fungi to Cu (relative to other microbiota) given adequate energy resources. Copper had no impact on the abundance of Fusarium or Trichoderma, but significantly affected community structure (PERMANOVA; P < 0.05). With increasing Cu, species selection and replacement could be observed, particularly in soils where medic had been included. Plant residue addition itself was a highly selective factor affecting the structure of communities of Trichoderma and Fusarium (P < 0.05). The effects of increasing Cu could be seen in both medic and basal soils for Trichoderma, but only in the basal treatments for soil Fusarium. This was due to very low dispersion in Fusarium community structure in the medic-added treatment (PERMDISP; P < 0.05). The results show the interactive influence of organic matter inputs and heavy metal contamination on size and structure of soil fungal communities. The data show that species selection and replacement is an important mechanism for community adaptation to increasing levels of soil Cu, and this mechanism can be influenced by addition of resources to the soil.