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961.
962.
Waxy gene haplotypes: Associations with apparent amylose content and the effect by the environment in an international rice germplasm collection 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ming-Hsuan Chen Christine Bergman Shannon Pinson Robert Fjellstrom 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,47(3):536-545
Apparent amylose content (AAC), the key determinant of rice end-use quality attributes, is primarily controlled by the Waxy gene which codes for granule bound starch synthase (GBSS). We examined the combination of sequence variation in the Waxy gene and environmental effects, and their associations with AAC using 171 rice accessions originating from 43 countries. The combination of two single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) markers in the Waxy gene allows for the identification of three marker haplotypes in this gene. The first SNP is at the leader intron splice site (In1 SNP), and the second polymorphism is in exon 6. The haplotypes explained 86.7% of the variation in AAC and discriminated the three market classes of low, intermediate and high AAC rice from each other. The environment affected the AAC of all haplotypes. Higher air temperature during grain development associated with a decrease in AAC of low and intermediate AAC-types, but with an increase in AAC of high AAC-type. The association of AAC with several Waxy RM190 microsatellite-(CTn) alleles in combination with the In1 SNP was also examined. In conclusion, the Waxy haplotypes studied appear to be useful markers for selecting the AAC of breeding lines developed from the world's rice germplasm. 相似文献
963.
Lisa A. McCauley Christine A. Ribic Lars Y. Pomara Benjamin Zuckerberg 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(4):807-821
Context
Temperate grasslands and their dependent species are exposed to high variability in weather and climate due to the lack of natural buffers such as forests. Grassland birds are particularly vulnerable to this variability, yet have failed to shift poleward in response to recent climate change like other bird species in North America. However, there have been few studies examining the effect of weather on grassland bird demography and consequent influence of climate change on population persistence and distributional shifts.Objectives
The goal of this study was to estimate the vulnerability of Henslow’s Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii), an obligate grassland bird that has been declining throughout much of its range, to past and future climatic variability.Methods
We conducted a demographic meta-analysis from published studies and quantified the relationship between nest success rates and variability in breeding season climate. We projected the climate-demography relationships spatially, throughout the breeding range, and temporally, from 1981 to 2050. These projections were used to evaluate population dynamics by implementing a spatially explicit population model.Results
We uncovered a climate-demography linkage for Henslow’s Sparrow with summer precipitation, and to a lesser degree, temperature positively affecting nest success. We found that future climatic conditions—primarily changes in precipitation—will likely contribute to reduced population persistence and a southwestward range contraction.Conclusions
Future distributional shifts in response to climate change may not always be poleward and assessing projected changes in precipitation is critical for grassland bird conservation and climate change adaptation.964.
Antoine MESS AN Lo c VIGUIER Lise PARESYS Jean-No l AUBERTOT Stefano CANALI Pietro IANNETTA Eric JUSTES Alison KARLEY Beatrix KEILLOR Laura KEMPER Fr d ric MUEL Barbara PANCINO Didier STILMANT Christine WATSON Helga WILLER Ra l ZORNOZA 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2021,8(3):474-480
965.
Seminal roots of wheat and barley seedlings were inoculated with G. graminis var tritici on regions 0, 5- and 15-days old, and assessed for intensity and extent of infection after standard times. Wheat roots were most heavily infected on young regions, whereas barley roots were most heavily infected on old ones. The effect of root age in wheat was similar in both unsterile and aseptic conditions, so it could not be ascribed to saprophytic rhizosphere micro-organisms interacting with G. graminis.The contrasting results for wheat and barley are explained by a single hypothesis, based on decreasing host-resistance in the root cortex but increasing resistance at or near the endodermis as the roots age. It is suggested that, under some conditions, even small amounts of non-pathogenic root cortex death can enhance infection by G. graiminis. This interpretation may explain several aspects of take-all and its biological control by other dark mycelial parasites. 相似文献
966.
Dora Zouiten Ines Ben Khemis Ahmed Slaheddin Masmoudi Christine Huelvan Chantal Cahu 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(11):1723-1736
The quality of development in intensive or mesocosm hatchery‐reared Dicentrarchus labrax larvae was investigated using physiological indicators assessing ontogeny. Larvae were reared in intensive (120 L tanks) and in mesocosm systems (20 m3 enclosures) with the same feeding sequence, excluding the wild zooplankton naturally available in mesocosms. Faster growth was recorded since early development [16 day after hatching (DAH)] in the mesocosm. Maturation of the digestive system also occurred earlier as indicated by the higher amylase secretion ratios, the intestinal maturation index (alkaline phosphatase/leucine–alanine peptidase and aminopeptidase‐N/leucine–alanine peptidase ratios) and the more developed intestinal epithelium at 23 DAH. Nevertheless, the delay in digestive maturation in the intensive system seemed retrieved within few days. In both the groups, the number of vertebrae ranged between 24 and 26, with the dominant class being 25 vertebrae. However, the distributions differed between treatments for meristic characteristics, ossification stages and incidence of malformation types. Loss of a vertebra was more frequent in the intensive system, while the appearance of an additional vertebra was more frequent in the mesocosm. Ossification at 37 DAH was also more advanced in the mesocosm in addition to a lesser rate and severity of skeletal malformations. It is suggested that the early nutritional contribution of mesocosm wild zooplankton, yet at densities of 0.2–0.7 prey mL?1, had key effects on larvae development since the early stages. 相似文献
967.
Britt Bang Jensen Stian Nylund Julie Christine Svendsen Paul‐Martin R. Ski Harald Takle 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(6):825-833
Losses due to cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) keep increasing in salmon‐producing countries in the North‐Atlantic. Recently, Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) has been detected in post‐smolts shortly after sea‐transfer, indicating a possible carry‐over from the hatcheries. In addition, there are reports of prevalences of PMCV as high as 70%–90% in certain groups of broodfish, and a recent outbreak of CMS in the Faroe Islands has been linked to the importation of eggs from a CMS‐endemic area. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether PMCV can be transmitted vertically from infected broodstock to their progeny. In the present study, samples from eggs, larvae, fingerlings and presmolt originating from PMCV‐positive broodstock from two commercial Atlantic salmon producers were tested for PMCV. The prevalence of PMCV in the broodstock was 98% in the hearts, 69% in the roe and 59% in the milt. Piscine myocarditis virus was detected in all stages of the progeny until and including the 40 g stage. Piscine myocarditis virus was also detected in presmolt sampled for tissue tropism. This provides farmers with several options for minimizing the risk of transfer of PMCV from broodstock to progeny, including screening of broodstock and aiming to use only those that are negative for PMCV or have low levels of virus. 相似文献
968.
Nguyen Van Hung Peter Bossier Nguyen Thi X. Hong Christine Ludeseve Linsey Garcia‐Gonzalez Nancy Nevejan Peter De Schryver 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(6):777-787
The natural amorphous polymer poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB‐A: lyophilized Ralstonia eutropha containing 75% PHB) was used as a biological agent to control bacterial pathogens of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae. The larvae were supplied with PHB‐A at a concentration of 1 or 10 mg/L for 6 or 24 hr, followed by exposure to either the rifampicin‐resistant pathogen Vibrio splendidus or Vibrio coralliilyticus at a concentration of 105 CFU/ml. Larvae pretreated 6 hr with PHB‐A (1 mg/L) survived a Vibrio challenge better relative to 24 hr pretreatment. After 96 hr of pathogen exposure, the survival of PHB‐A‐treated mussel larvae was 1.41‐ and 1.76‐fold higher than the non‐treated larvae when challenged with V. splendidus and V. coralliilyticus, respectively. Growth inhibition of the two pathogens at four concentrations of the monomer β‐HB (1, 5, 25 and 125 mM) was tested in vitro in LB35 medium, buffered at two different pH values (pH 7 and pH 8). The highest concentration of 125 mM significantly inhibited the pathogen growth in comparison to the lower levels. The effect of β‐HB on the production of virulence factors in the tested pathogenic Vibrios revealed a variable pattern of responses. 相似文献
969.
970.