甜杂二号甜椒的选育

甜杂二号甜椒为新育成的一代杂种,其植株生长势旺、早熟、丰产、座果率高,连续结实性好,抗TMV病毒能力强.果实绿色灯笼形,味甜质脆,适宜保护地栽培,比对照茄门,同丰37、同丰16、早熟3号等增产31%以上,增值26%以上.1987年通过北京市品种审定.现已成为北京保护地甜椒生产主栽品种之一.全国20个省市均有试种,反映良好.     

新型杀蜂螨烟剂蜂乐1号的研究

蜂乐1号烟剂是一种最近研制成功的新型杀蜂螨药剂,其有效成分为溴螨酯.经室内外试验结果,对蜂螨有较强杀伤力,对蜜蜂十分安全.烟剂中的溴螨醋对雅氏大蜂螨的LC_(50)为0.26克/米~3,LC_(95)为2.92克/米~3 对蜜蜂则分别为71.45克/米~3和218.70克/米~3,二者分别相差274.8倍和74.9倍.一平箱蜂群一次用含0.45克有效成分的药,对蜂体上大蜂螨的防除效果平均93%以上.对蜂群每隔5天施药一次,经3次施药后蜂群状况正常.在施药3次后对所取蜜样进行检测,其中溴螨酯的残留量远远低于联合国粮农组织所规定的参考限量.该烟剂适于在蜂箱外施药,比目前国内一般的开箱施药方法提高工效15倍以上,更适用于许多过去不便用药的场合.     

The use of air‐coolers in broiler houses under subtropical conditions in Iraq

1. Under summer conditions in north Iraq, 2 000 chicks were reared for 56 d in two broiler houses. One house was provided with two air‐coolers. The birds were housed at densities of eight to 16 birds/m².

2. Differences in weight gain between birds in cooled and uncooled houses ranged from 101.5 g at eight birds/m² to 385 g at 16 birds/m². Food consumption increased gradually with increasing bird density. Food conversion efficiency, meat yield and carcass conformation were much better in the cooled house than under conventional conditions.

3. The financial return/m² ranged from 2.30 to 4.51 ID¹ in the cooled house, compared with 2.01 to 2.77 ID in the uncooled house at different floor densities.     

Storage time‐temperature effects on the odour preferences for uncooked chicken parts

1. Whole broilers and separated legs were stored at ‐12 ± 1 °C, —18 ± 1 °C and — 75 ±2 °C (reference group, whole carcasses only), for up to nine months.

2. Legs cut from the whole birds after removal from store, unpacking and thawing, and legs from the portions were compared in odour preference at four times of examination.

3. After only 1 d the odour of the legs stored as parts at —12 °C was less preferred than that of the reference group; this was also true for legs cut from whole birds after 3 months at the same temperature.

4. After 3 months at — 12 °C the odour of the legs stored as parts was less preferred than the odour of legs obtained from whole birds.

5. Storage of legs as parts at —18 °C resulted in a comparatively less preferred odour after 3 months, while the same was true after 9 months for legs cut from the carcasses.     

Rapeseed Meal and egg taint

1. Certain rapeseed meals in the diet of hens laying brown eggs result in the production, from some birds, of eggs which have a “ fishy ” or “ crabby ” odour because of the presence of trimethylamine.

2. Such susceptible birds have been used to demonstrate that the activity can be extracted from rapeseed meal with appropriate solvents.     

The role of histamine and fish meal in the incidence of gizzard erosion and pro‐ventricular abnormalities in the fowl

1. The role of certain fish meals in the production of localised gizzard erosion is confirmed.

2. Lesions typical of gizzard erosion could be produced by the addition of histamine to the diet.

3. The amount of histamine occurring naturally in fish meal depends on the species of fish and the extent and nature of bacterial spoilage.

4. These variables may explain why histamine has not been implicated previously and also why there have not been consistent associations between the condition and geographical source or common factors in bulk consignments of the meal.     

套袋对黄金梨果实品质的影响

对黄金梨果实进行了套袋试验表明，供试果袋均能改善黄金梨的果实品质，其中以套小林袋和山东省果树研究所生产的外浅褐内红双层纸袋效果较好，果实外观显著改善，果实硬度为对照的1．26倍；果实可溶性固形物含量略有下降，与对照相比下降0．88～1．06个百分点。     

茭白肉质茎膨大过程中的糖代谢与激素含量变化

 以单季茭白品种‘蒋墅茭’和双季茭白品种‘葑红早’为试材, 研究了秋季肉质茎膨大过程中物质运转的相关生理生化变化。结果表明, 随着肉质茎鲜质量、干质量快速增加, 非结构性碳水化合物主要成分含量总体上升, 后期出现下降, 蒋墅茭肉质茎中蔗糖含量较高; 糖分转化关键酶活性总体较高,转化酶活性以酸性转化酶较高且呈快速下降, 蒋墅茭的酸性转化酶活性高于葑红早而中性转化酶活性较低;蔗糖合成酶的分解方向活性显著高于合成方向, 且后期维持较高水平, 葑红早的双向活性均高于蒋墅茭;Z + ZR总体含量最高、下降最明显, GA₄ 其次, IAA也呈缓慢下降趋势, GA₃、ABA含量极低, 且各激素均以葑红早高于蒋墅茭。茭白肉质茎干、鲜质量处于快速增长阶段的同时, 而内部生理生化快速下降, 说明茭白肉质茎膨大过程具有特殊性, 并且品种间存在差异。     

不同施肥期沾化冬枣对15N的吸收、分配及利用特性

 盆栽条件下利用¹⁵N示踪技术, 研究不同时期施15N - 尿素, 对沾化冬枣¹⁵N的吸收利用及分配特性的影响。结果表明: 生长季前期(萌芽前和花前) 施用¹⁵N - 尿素, 经根系吸收后, ¹⁵N优先分配到贮藏器官(包括主干、多年生枝和粗根) 中, 然后外运用于树体新生器官(包括枣吊及其叶片、新生营养枝、细根及果实) 的形成, 果实采收后¹⁵N开始向贮藏器官回流; 果实硬核期¹⁵N直接用于树体营养生长和生殖生长, 而不是先贮藏再利用; 果实速长期¹⁵N优先向贮藏器官中积累; 萌芽前施¹⁵N在树体内的运转规律符合落叶果树贮藏N营养分配规律, 优先转运到生长中心。随着施肥期的后延, 植株对¹⁵N - 尿素的当季利用率逐渐下降。     

红千层的离体培养及快速繁殖

 研究了红千层离体快繁的若干影响因素。结果表明: 叶片在MS + 6-BA 115 mg·L ^{- 1}+NAA015 mg·L ^{- 1}中的愈伤组织诱导率43% , 并可直接从愈伤组织表面分化出不定芽, 分化率为69.2%; 腋芽启动培养基为MS + 6-BA 1～1.5 mg·L ^{- 1} + NAA 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} , 萌动率为77%; 继代和增殖培养基为MS + 6-BA 1 mg·L ^{- 1} +NAA 0.25 mg·L ^{- 1} , 平均增殖系数为16.7; 生根壮苗培养基为1 /2MS +NAA 0.25 mg·L ^{- 1} , 生根率96.1%; 试管苗生根培养30～35 d移栽, 成活率最高可达90%以上。