嘉庚蛸雄性生殖系统组织学观察

应用组织切片技术对浙江沿海自然分布的嘉庚蛸雄性生殖系统的结构变化进行了逐月研究,结果发现,雄性生殖系统由单个精巢、输精管、储精囊、前列腺、精荚囊和阴茎等6部分构成。精巢球形,辐射型精巢,精原细胞椭圆或近圆形,直径10～16μm,精子细胞经过椭圆形梭型柳叶型长棒型的变态期,成为鞭毛型精子,精子头部细长等粗棍状,长约26～33μm,尾部长度约为头部的16倍。输精管长约13～16cm,是雄性生殖系统中最细长的管道。储精囊长约5～8cm,可分为储精管和腺体2部分。前列腺与储精囊相接共同开口于精荚囊腔,中空盲管状,4.8～5.6cm。精荚囊分为2部分,一侧为叶脉状规则褶皱突起围成的腺体腔,称之为囊内腺,另一侧突起少,个体大、不规则,树枝状。阴茎短,仅2～3cm,生殖孔开口于胴体左侧外套腔的中部。储精囊、前列腺和精荚囊中均存在着具有分泌功能的上皮构成的腺体腔,它们在精荚成熟装配过程中发挥着不可取代的作用。阴茎中段的阴茎囊呈镜面倒卜型,它不仅是分泌性的腺体腔,而且还是精荚排出过程中的反转场所。     

中药材植物川芎的3种新病害鉴定记述

川芎(Ligusticum chuanxiong)是我国重要的传统大宗常用中药材,随着种植年限的延长和种植面积的不断扩大,川芎的病害也有加剧的趋势.该研究通过对四川省都江堰市川芎种植园的调查,采集感病植株样品回室内分离并根据科赫氏证病律步骤进行痛害诊断鉴定,发现并确诊了3种新的真菌性病害,即川芎根腐萎蔫病、叶褐斑病和灰霉痛,它们的病原菌分别是茄腐镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)、细极链格孢组(Alternaria tenuissima group)成员和灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea).该文分别记述了3种病害的症状和病原菌特征,为进一步探讨川芎病害的发生发展规律和综合防治措施提供了依据.     

不同质量浓度抗生素对菊花‘绿鹦哥’茎段组织培养的影响

研究确定了选择标记抗生素卡那霉素(Kanamycin:Kan)对菊花‘绿鹦哥'茎段分化和无茼苗生根抑制的最适质量浓度,并探讨了除菌抗生素头孢噻肟钠(Cefotaxime:Cef)对‘绿鹦哥'茎段分化影响的安全质量浓度.试验结果表明,30 mg·L~(-1)的卡那霉素能够完全抑制菊花茎段的分化,10 mg·L~(-1)的卡那霉素可以完全抑制无菌苗的生根;700 mg·L~(-1)的头孢噻肟钠不影响菊花茎段外植体不定芽的再生,随着头孢噻肟钠质量浓度的升高,菊花茎段不定芽出现玻璃化现象.     

Ontogenetic movements of juvenile blacktip reef sharks: evidence of dispersal and connectivity between coastal habitats and coral reefs

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Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

宁夏盐池春季局地沙尘暴特征及其与下垫面的关系

通过对宁夏盐池1980-2006年春季局地沙尘暴资料的分析表明,盐池春季局地沙尘暴呈减少的趋势,局地沙尘暴占沙尘暴总次数的三分之二,71%的局地沙尘暴持续时间在3小时以内,最大风速集中在5.1~15.0m/s之间,未达到大风标准,引起局地沙尘暴的风向集中出现在N、NNW、WNW、W方向。土壤湿度与局地沙尘暴次数的变化趋势基本相反,两者相关系数通过0.01信度检验;干土层深度与局地沙尘暴的变化趋势基本一致,相关系数通过0.01的信度检验。土壤湿度大有利于抑制局地沙尘暴的发生,干土层深度深有利于局地沙尘暴的发生和持续。     

安徽省猪伪狂犬病毒的分离鉴定及其主要毒力基因分子特征

猪伪狂犬病是由猪伪狂犬病毒(porcine pseudorabies virus,PRV)引起的一种急性、热性传染病。自2011年底以来,PRV发生了变异,传统的PRV弱毒疫苗已不能对PRV变异株提供完全保护,这给我国PR防控带来了巨大挑战。为了解安徽省PRV流行特征及其主要毒力基因遗传变异情况。利用PCR技术、细胞接种试验、电子显微镜观察、间接免疫荧光试验及兔体接种试验等方法,对安徽省临诊病例中疑似PRV感染的病猪进行病原检测及PRV分离鉴定,并通过设计6对特异性引物对PRV分离株主要毒力基因(gE、gI、TK、gB、gC、gD)进行克隆及测序分析。2016—2018年安徽省临诊病例中共分离鉴定15株PRV;PRV分离株主要毒力基因序列均与2011年后国内PRV变异株同源性较高;与2011年前国内PRV经典株序列比对,PRV分离株gE、gB、gC及gD基因存在多个位点的一致性替换、插入或缺失,且gE、gC基因多位点突变位于其重要的抗原表位区。本研究分离的15株PRV均为变异株,变异株已成为安徽省主要的流行毒株。15株PRV分离株的gI、TK基因序列较为保守,而gE、gC蛋白抗原表位区...     

Bound amino acids in humic acids from arable cropping systems

We investigated the varying concentrations of bound amino acids in humic acids (HA) extracted from soils under both crop rotation and continuous cropping of rye. The experiment was created in 1957. Since then, winter rye had been grown continuously and also the sequence of the 7 yr rotation had been started: potato, spring barley, alfalfa, alfalfa, oil seed rape, winter rye, and winter rye. Soils were fertilized with NPK and manure. Continuous cropping of rye increased total acidity of soils and the contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups in HA. The total amounts of the bound amino acids in HA from soils under crop rotation were higher than from continuous cropping of rye. Fertilization with NPK increased the contents of bound amino acids more than manure. Neutral amino acids dominated in all samples of HA, and basic amino acids had the lowest concentrations. In both types of cultivation, glutamic acids, glycine, alanine, valine, and lysine dominated. The proline contents in HA from continuous rye cropping were higher than in HA from soils under crop rotation. The concentrations of β‐alanine and lysine were higher in HA from crop rotation indicating a higher microbial biomass since these compounds are typical constituents of bacteria cell walls.     

Effects of Temperature,Sonication Time,and Power Settings on Size Distribution and Extractability of Total Wheat Flour Proteins as Determined by Size‐Exclusion High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography

The size‐exclusion (SE) HPLC profile of total protein extract obtained by sonication of flour samples at ambient temperature showed marked instability on reinjection. Instability was related to the presence of flour proteases that were inactivated by thermal treatment of flour samples at 60°C. Extraction of flour protein by sonication was a function of ultrasonic energy (sonication time × power product) delivered to flour sample. As protein solubility increased, the proportions of the earliest eluted SE‐HPLC fractions (F1 and F2) increased. Oversonication of proteins evidenced by a decrease in F1 amount at the benefit of F2 occurred below the sonication energy level needed for total protein extraction. Ultrasonic energy level was adjusted to allow total protein extraction while limiting oversonication. The sonication procedure was applied on 27 flour samples of contrasting dough strength to extract total proteins. Absolute amount of protein extractable by sonication, determined from SE‐HPLC area, was strongly correlated with flour protein content. Very significant and equivalent relationships were found between alveographic W index and absolute amount of either unextractable protein extract or F1 of SE‐HPLC profile from total protein extract.     

用NOAA图像监测冬小麦面积的方法研究

冬小麦种植面积是农情监测中一个重要的监测因素,对生产管理与产量预测有重要意义。该文在冬小麦与同期主要大宗作物绿度－时相曲线对比分析的基础之上,建立反映冬小麦种植区域的差值植被指数图像,采用遥感－统计的方法,对利用ＮＯＡＡ图像进行冬小麦种植面积遥感监测进行了初步研究。通过对我国冬小麦主产区的河北、河南和山东三省的监测实验证明,该方法适用于大范围的冬小麦种植面积遥感监测。