皮南牛培育及新品种审定工作进展

1986年以来,以南阳牛为母本,引进意大利皮埃蒙特牛为父本,通过杂交创新、横交固定、世代选育培育皮南牛(外血75%)。采用常规育种与全基因组选择选育相结合,实现了精准选育,提高了选择效率。培育的皮南牛屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积大等优点,已基本具备新品种申报条件。     

贵州喀斯特山区冬闲田土种草模式与特点分析

贵州省是一个典型的喀斯特山区省份,人多地少,人均耕地面积0.047 hm2,仅为全国平均水平0.094 hm2的50%.因此,通过转变畜牧业生产方式,大力开展冬闲田土种草养畜,可以有效地促进农民增收致富.在对贵州省2005年冬闲田土种草情况进行调研的基础上,提出了加强冬闲田土种草的建议.     

贵州草地畜牧业国际标准化体系经济核算的方法和作用

在草地畜牧业标准化的生产经营管理中,成本利润分析和经济核算的方法占有十分重要的位置,因为任何管理决策都要对成本和利润进行分析,只有降低成本和增加利润的方案,才是可接受的方案。初步探讨在建立贵州草地畜牧业国际标准化体系的过程中可能出现的成本利润分析和经济核算的方法。尝试介绍一些能运用于实际生产中的方法和表格,以帮助农户和技术人员更加方便地掌握成本利润分析和经济核算的方法。     

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Study of Deep-Sea-Derived Butyrolactone I in Rats by UHPLC–MS/MS and UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS

Butyrolactone I (BTL-I) is a butanolide isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. It provides a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of food allergies. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of BTL-I in rats. The metabolic profiles were obtained by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS. As a result, eleven metabolites were structurally identified, and the proposed metabolic pathways of BTL-I were characterized. The main metabolites were the oxidative and glucuronidative metabolites. In addition, a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method was established for the quantitation of BTL-I in rat plasma (LOQ = 2 ng/mL). The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of BTL-I in rats after oral administration or intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability was calculated as 6.29%, and the maximum plasma concentrations were 9.85 ± 1.54 ng/mL and 17.97 ± 1.36 ng/mL for intravenous and intragastric dosing groups, respectively.     

Bioactive Properties of Peptides and Polysaccharides Derived from Peanut Worms: A Review

Peanut worms (Sipunculids) are unsegmented marine worms that usually inhabit shallow waters. Peanut worms are good source of bioactive compounds including peptides and polysaccharides. Many recent studies have investigated the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides derived from peanut worms in order to enhance their applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The peptides and polysaccharides isolated from peanut worms have been reported to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-hypoxia and wound healing activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms. Most researchers used in vitro, cell culture and animal models for the determination of bioactivities of peanut worm derived compounds. However, studies in humans have not been performed considerably. Therefore, it is important to conduct more human studies for better utilization of marine bioactive compounds (peptides and polysaccharides) derived from peanut worms. This review mainly focuses on the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides of peanut worms and their molecular mechanisms.     

基于SPAD的西瓜氮素营养诊断与推荐施肥技术研究

为解决西瓜生产中存在盲目或过量氮肥施用导致的果实品质下降和氮素利用率低下等突出问题,开展了基于叶绿素仪测定值(SPAD值)的西瓜全生育期氮素营养诊断与推荐施肥技术研究,以期为利用SPAD仪建立田间西瓜氮素营养实时诊断技术、开发西瓜精准氮素养分管理模式提供理论依据。试验于2020—2021年在甘肃河西灌区的张掖市以‘金城5号’西瓜为材料,设置了0、80、160、240、320、400 kg/hm² 6个氮肥水平,通过研究不同施氮水平下西瓜关键生育时期不同叶位及叶片不同位置上的SPAD值、叶绿素含量、全氮含量的变化特征及其与西瓜产量、品质指标的相互关系,建立基于SPAD值进行西瓜氮素营养诊断与推荐施肥的实时氮肥管理(RTNM)模式,并开展RTNM模式的生产性验证。西瓜苗期顶一叶叶尖、伸蔓期顶三叶叶中、膨果期功能叶叶中位置SPAD值与叶片叶绿素、全氮含量相关性最佳,且变异系数小,是较为理想的指示叶或参照叶;通过指示叶SPAD值与西瓜产量、品质指标及施氮量的回归分析,获得西瓜产量超过60000 kg/hm²的SPAD阈值范围为苗期49.1～51.0、...     

芹菜资源及其保健功能的研究进展

介绍了近几年来对芹菜资源分布、生物学特性、地方品种收拳整理和国外品种引进利用研究的情况。综述了芹菜的营养价值和功能成分分析、生物活性物质的提取技术及其保健功能的药理和临床应用研究进展。     

黏虫CYP9A134基因的克隆及其解毒功能

昆虫体内的细胞色素P450酶系统在昆虫解毒过程中发挥着重要作用。本次试验通过转录组测序获得一条新的黏虫P450基因,经国际委员会命名为CYP9A134（登录号为MT990973）。该序列全长为1801 bp,开放序列长度为1596 bp,编码531个氨基酸,分子质量为61.42 kDa,等电点为4.90。在黏虫幼虫阶段用2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯和20%氯虫苯甲酰胺诱导时该基因表达量会有不同程度上升,最高的可分别达对照组的2.6倍和6.5倍。RNA干扰后,该基因表达量最低下降了70%,以上2种杀虫剂LD30杀虫效果分别提高了13%和25%;在黏虫成虫阶段用20%氯虫苯甲酰胺LD30诱导时,该基因表达量最高可达7.8倍。RNA干扰后,该基因表达量最低下降了61%,LD30剂量的氯虫苯甲酰胺杀虫效果提高26%。结果表明,该基因可能在杀虫剂诱导的解毒代谢过程中发挥重要作用。     

中国新疆地区蚱属2新种(直翅目:蚱科)

记述采自新疆地区蚱属2新种,即拟钻形蚱Tetrix subulatoidessp.nov.及福海蚱Tetrix fuhaiensissp.nov.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

基于组织培养技术的姜科植物快繁体系的研究进展

为解决姜科植物繁殖系数低、种性退化等问题,扩大姜科植物的繁殖规模,提高品种自身抗逆性和增产潜力,有效建立姜科植物的离体快繁体系,总结了基于植物组织培养技术的部分姜科植物离体快繁体系构建过程中外植体的选择与消毒处理、丛生芽和愈伤组织的诱导、增殖与分化和生根培养条件,阐述了姜科植物离体快繁体系建立过程中存在的问题及解决方案,同时对植物组织培养在姜科植物中的应用进行了展望,以期为姜科植物产业的健康、快速发展提供参考。