利用花粉管通道法将BcWRKY2抗旱基因导入玉米的研究

利用花粉管通道法将含有PPT抗性筛选标记的BcWRKY2转录因子基因导入优良玉米自交系.采用正交设计对玉米品种、导入时间及DNA浓度等条件进行了优化.对T0代种子进行了除草剂抗性筛选,结果表明玉米品种龙抗11授粉后16h进行导入及DNA导入浓度为200ng/μL时效果最佳.对获得的除草剂抗性植株进行PCR及PCR-Southern检测,得到PCR阳性植株71株,初步证明了外源目的基因已整合到玉米基因组中.     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

亚洲棉EST-SNP的挖掘及其在陆地棉中的验证

【目的】随着不同棉种序列数据库的逐步完善以及高通量测序技术的发展,棉花单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记开发可利用的公共数据资源逐步增加。【方法】本研究基于陆地棉祖先基因组的现代种亚洲棉表达序列标签(Expressed sequence tag,EST)数据库,利用CAP3对亚洲棉EST数据库进行拼接。拼接获得7 187个重叠群(Contig),再利用Quality SNP软件进行SNP位点分析。【结果】在807条含有4条以上EST序列的Contig中查找到2 690个SNP位点。通过筛选次要等位基因频率大于30%的位点,获得953个可靠度较高的候选SNP,通过电子筛选,最终获得可用于陆地棉分析的SNP 149个,利用位点特异性聚合酶链式反应以及酶切扩增多态序列验证了EST-SNP的准确性。【结论】本研究证实基于亚洲棉EST数据库挖掘用于陆地棉研究的EST-SNP切实可行,并有望将EST-SNP用于陆地棉遗传图谱构建、重要性状的基因定位以及分子标记辅助育种。     

药用植物罗布麻的转录组测序及分析

为了获得罗布麻转录组信息,研究罗布麻中功能基因的表达以及分子标记的开发,本研究采用Illumina HiSeq2000高通量测序技术对罗布麻进行转录组测序及分析。通过过滤掉低质量的读序,共获得26148138个高质量的读序,组装得到61538个Unigene序列。其中,有25296个Unigene在公共数据库中得到注释。通过KEGG分析,共发现29个Unigene参与活性成分(黄酮类)生物合成。检测出单核苷酸至六核苷酸重复类型的SSR位点13524个。本研究结果分析了参与黄酮类化合物合成的相关基因以及潜在的SSR位点,为进一步研究罗布麻次生代谢产物合成的功能基因的挖掘、分子标记的开发以及资源利用提供有用的信息。     

厌氧污泥颗粒化促进技术的研究进展

本文总结Ca^2＋，Al^3^＋，人工合成有机阳离子聚合物和壳聚糖促进厌氧污泥颗粒化的机理以及研究现状，认为上述物质在低浓度废水处理领域可以得到更进一步应用，同时应不断关注有机阳离子聚合物的发展情况。     

SCF-CO2对玫瑰精油提取的研究及GC/MS分析

基于超临界流体萃取原理,通过单因素和正交试验研究了超临界CO2萃取玫瑰精油的最佳工艺条件.原料粒度60目,流量18L/h,萃取时间1.5 h,温度40℃,压力16MPa.GC/MS联用仪对产物进行分析,共检测出60种化合物,并给出它们的百分含量,通过谱库检索,结合裂解机理,参照ISO9842-2003标准对其中17种重要化合物进行鉴别,主要产物含量与ISO标准要求的含量基本相当.     

基于经济组网方式的灌溉远程自动控制系统

灌溉远程自动控制系统数据通讯部分的工程投入,一般占工程总投入的50%以上。根据工程实践,从数据传输部分入手,将经济组网方式、无线半双工窄带高速数据通讯技术、先进的数据库访问连接技术以及错开水泵开关与数据采样、传输时间等抗干扰技术措施,应用于灌溉远程自动控制系统,使该系统的整体技术经济性能得到显著提高,并有效降低了工程造价。     

汽车动力学稳定性控制系统研究现状及发展趋势

汽车动力学稳定性控制系统(DSC)是汽车主动安全电控系统的重要研究前沿,是继ABS之后需要进行重点突破的汽车主动安全控制系统。收集、整理并研究了国内外关于DSC的研究文献和开发的产品,系统总结了DSC研究的关键问题:系统建模、控制策略、控制器开发、性能评估等4个方面的研究现状,为DSC研发提供参考。     

免疫亲和柱净化高效液相色谱荧光法测定调味品中赭曲霉毒素A

建立了免疫亲和柱净化高效液相色谱法测定调味品中赭曲霉毒素A。样品用甲醇与NaHCO3体积比为60:40的溶液提取,经免疫亲和色谱柱纯化,应用液相色谱法检测。结果表明,空白样品按照质量分数为1.0,20,50μg/kg添加赭曲霉毒素A,回收率为75.0%～102.0%,精密度小于15%,方法检测灵敏度为0.5μg/kg。免疫亲和柱净化高效液相色谱法测定调料中赭曲霉毒素A是一种简单、快速、准确的方法。     

土壤重金属Pb和Cd在小白菜中的富集特征及产地环境安全临界值

通过盆栽盆栽试验,研究了江苏两种不同类型土壤,即水稻土和潮土中小白菜可食部分对Pb和Cd的富集特征,并探讨了Pb与Cd在产地土壤环境中的安全临界值。结果表明,总体上小白菜可食部分对Pb和Cd的富集,在两种土壤类型下均随处理浓度的增加呈现递增趋势。和对照相比,两种土壤中小白菜可食部分Pb的最高含量分别提高了18.31和9.49倍,Cd的最高含量分别提高了15.4和10.04倍。同一处理水平下,水稻土中的Pb和Cd比潮土中的更易被植物富集。水稻土中小白菜可食部分Pb含量是潮土中的2.54倍,Cd含量则是潮土中的1.92倍。依据国家食品污染物限量标准（GB 2762-2005）,进行方程拟合,得出的种植小白菜的水稻土Pb和Cd的安全临界值分别为36.54 mg?kg-1和0.30 mg?kg-1,低于或等于国家土壤环境安全标准限制的临界值（HJ332-2006）。潮土Pb和Cd的安全临界值分别为 110.21 mg?kg-1 和1.09 mg?kg-1,均高于国家土壤环境安全标准限制的临界值（HJ332-2006）。