多项式插值法绘制发动机万有特性曲线

发动机万有特性可直观的反映发动机在其运行范围内的各项性能参数的变化情况。该文利用多项式插值法绘制发动机万有特性曲线。推导了三次多项式插值公式和三次多项式插值余项，绘制了发动机万有特性曲线。结果表明三次多项式插值法能精确地反映发动机特性，并可用该方法绘制发动机等油耗、等排放等特性曲线。为绘制发动机特性曲线、研究发动机性能提供较好的方法。     

Study on the supramolecular interaction of curcumin and beta-cyclodextrin by spectrophotometry and its analytical application

The supramolecular interaction of curcumin and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) has been studied by spectrophotometry. The mechanism of the inclusion was studied and discussed based on the variations of pK(a), absorption intensity, and infrared spectrograms. The results show that beta-CD reacts with curcumin to form a 2:1 host-guest complex with an apparent formation constant of 5.53 x 10(5) mol(-2) x L2. Based on the enhancement of the absorbance of curcumin produced through complex formation, a spectrophotometric method for the determination of curcumin in bulk aqueous solution in the presence of beta-CD was developed. The linear relationship between the absorbance and curcumin concentration was obtained in the range of 0-15 microg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9991. The detection limit was 0.076 microg/mL. The proposed method was used to determine the curcumin in curry and mustard with satisfactory results.     

基于遗传算法和神经网络的车辆主动悬架控制技

采用遗传算法与神经网络相结合的控制策略,以四自由度车辆主动悬架半车模型为仿真对象,与传统的被动悬架进行控制性能比较.通过改变神经网络训练参数、遗传算法输入函数以及车速,对系统的响应特性进行了分析.结果表明车辆主动悬架控制策略可以减小车辆的振动,改善车辆行驶平顺性.     

移动式绿篱修剪机设计

针对绿篱修剪机的发展现状,设计开发了一种小型自走式绿篱修剪机,包括动力系统设计和行走装置设计、修剪装置设计,并且利用三维建模软件建立了移动式绿篱修剪机的三维模型。所设计的移动式绿篱修剪机在所查阅的文献中尚未发现有相同机型的报道,属原创型产品。相比现在小型绿篱修剪机以手持式为主的状况,该绿篱修剪机能够有效降低绿篱修剪的劳动强度,提高修剪质量,有比较广阔的市场前景。     

柔性滚筒结构参数对水稻脱粒效果的影响试验

刚性脱粒冲击力较大,造成水稻籽粒破碎或破损.为了降低脱粒过程籽粒破碎或破损,设计了柔性脱粒滚筒,并对其开闭型式、脱粒齿直径、长度和迹距等结构参数进行了试验.单因素试验结果表明:脱粒齿直径、齿长对脱粒性能影响极显著,齿迹距对脱粒性能影响不显著,滚筒型式对脱粒性能影响有差异.正交试验结果表明:脱粒齿直径和齿长的交互作用对破碎率和未脱净率影响大,未脱净率低的较优组合是柔性齿直径为8mm,齿长为75mm,齿迹距为55mm的等齿迹距滚筒;破碎率小的较优组合是柔性齿直径为45mm,齿长为75mm,齿迹距为45mm的等齿迹距滚筒.     

风筛式清选装置筛面气流场试验

在DFQX-3型物料清选仿真试验台上,通过空间布点测量了筛面不同位置的气流速度.根据测量值得出筛面上流速小于或等于4.81m/s,属低速气流.利用Matlab绘制了筛面不同位置的横断面、纵断面、水平面的等速线和速度变化曲线,分析了风筛式清选装置的筛面气流场速度分布规律.试验表明,筛面两侧的流速对称分布,前后两端流速较接近,中间流速变化复杂.     

Estimating chlorophyll content from hyperspectral vegetation indices: Modeling and validation

Leaf chlorophyll content, a good indicator of photosynthesis activity, mutations, stress and nutritional state, is of special significance to precision agriculture. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of retrieval of chlorophyll content from hyperspectral vegetation indices composed by the reflectance of specific bands. In this paper, a set of vegetation indices belonged to three classes (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified simple ratio (MSR) index and the modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index (MCARI, TCARI) and the integrated forms (MCARI/OSAVI and TCARI/OSAVI)) were tested using the PROSPECT and SAIL models to explore their potentials in chlorophyll content estimation. Different bands combinations were also used to derive the modified vegetation indices. In the sensitivity study, four new formed indices (MSR[705,750], MCARI[705,750], TCARI/OSAVI[705,750] and MCARI/OSAVI[705,750]) were proved to have better linearity with chlorophyll content and resistant to leaf area index (LAI) variations by taking into account the effect of quick saturation at 670 nm with relatively low chlorophyll content. Validation study was also conducted at canopy scale using the ground truth data in the growth duration of winter wheat (chlorophyll content and reflectance data). The results showed that the integrated indices TCARI/OSAVI[705,750] and MCARI/OSAVI[705,750] are most appropriate for chlorophyll estimation with high correlation coefficients R² of 0.8808 and 0.9406, respectively, because more disturbances such as shadow, soil reflectance and nonphotosynthetic materials are taken into account. The high correlation between the vegetation indices obtained in the developmental stages of wheat and Hyperion data (R² of 0.6798 and 0.7618 for TCARI/OSAVI[705,750] and MCARI/OSAVI[705,750], respectively) indicated that these two integrated index can be used in practice to estimate the chlorophylls of different types of corns.     

重叠群物理图谱的构建及其应用

人类对各种生物的基因组结构和功能的研究都需要确定DNA序列在染色体上的位置。与遗传图相比,物理图反映了基因或DNA标记之间在染色体上的真实距离。依其作图方法分为三类,即限制性酶切图谱、重叠群图谱和DNA序列图谱。重叠群物理图是将获得的大片段克隆,如YAC、BAC克隆,依其在染色体上的真实顺序排列而成,主要应用于基因组测序、重要基因的图位克隆、靶分子标记开发及比较基因组学研究等,特别是为那些由于缺乏合适的作图群体而不能建立遗传图的物种提供了一个重要的从事基因组学研究的平台。本文综述了近年来重叠群物理图构建研究的主要进展,比较分析了不同重叠群物理图谱构建方法的特点,提出了改进物理作图质量的建议,认为应根据基因组不同区域的特点,综合特异性探针的杂交、PCR筛选、酶切指纹分析、BAC克隆STC延伸、BAC末端测序等多种方法才能完成重叠群的构建。此外,物理图的构建还应努力整合各种基因组的资源和数据,如遗传连锁图、分子细胞遗传图、DNA序列图、EST数据等,这将有助于提高其在基因组学研究中的使用价值及应用范围。文章最后对重叠群物理图的发展趋势进行了展望。     

电渗析技术在大豆低聚糖溶液脱盐上的应用

从甜浆中提取的大豆低聚糖粗提液中含有很多的盐类,影响糖液的纯度。该试验通过离子交换膜辅助的电渗析法对大豆低聚糖模拟溶液进行脱盐处理,确定了较好的试验操作参数。试验结果表明:电渗析法对大豆低聚糖模拟液进行脱盐是可行的,且脱盐效果较好,脱盐率达到96.07%;该试验条件下较佳的工作电压为20 V,流量为60 L/h,样品稀释倍数为15倍。通过以上条件处理后,大豆低聚糖的保留率达到83.82%。     

Desiccation and cracking behaviour of clay layer from slurry state under wetting-drying cycles

Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of wetting-drying (W-D) cycles on the initiation and evolution of cracks in clay layer. Four identical slurry specimens were prepared and subjected to five subsequent W-D cycles. The water evaporation, surface cracks evolution and structure evolution during the W-D cycles were monitored. The effect of W-D cycles on the geometric characteristics of crack patterns was analyzed by image processing. The results show that the desiccation and cracking behaviour was significantly affected by the applied W-D cycles: the measured cracking water content θ_c, surface crack ratio R_sc and final thickness h_f of the specimen increased significantly in the first three W-D cycles and then tended to reach equilibrium; the formed crack patterns after the second W-D cycle were more irregular than that after the first W-D cycle; the increase of surface cracks was accompanied by the decrease of pore volume shrinkage during drying. In addition, it was found that the applied W-D cycles resulted in significant rearrangement of specimen structure: the initially homogeneous and non-aggregated structure was converted to a clear aggregated-structure with obvious inter-aggregate pores after the second W-D cycle; the specimen volume generally increased with increasing cycles due to the aggregation and increased porosity. The image analysis results show that the geometric characteristics of crack pattern were significantly influenced by the W-D cycles, but this influence was reduced after the third cycle. This is consistent with the observations over the experiment, and indicates that the image processing can be used for quantitatively analyzing the W-D cycle dependence of clay desiccation cracking behaviour.