Protein expression profiling in haemocytes and plasma of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to infection with Perkinsus olseni

The protein expression profiling in clam haemocytes and plasma in response to Perkinsus olseni was addressed. Adult Manila clams from a P. olseni‐free bed were experimentally challenged with parasite zoospores to analyse immune response. In another experiment, the effects of longer term infection were assessed in adult clams collected from a P. olseni‐affected bed, by comparing moderate to very heavily infected clams with non‐infected ones. Haemocyte and plasma proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis; spot patterns were qualitatively compared between treatments within each experiment and the spots indicating differential protein expression associated with P. olseni challenge or with field infection were processed for protein identification. Fifteen clam proteins (four in haemocytes and eleven in plasma) of which expression was markedly affected by P. olseni were identified. Some of the identified proteins have a well‐known role in clam immune response against the parasite, such as lysozyme and lectins. Rho GTPase‐activating protein 6 could be a marker of resistance against P. olseni, which should be further studied.     

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 9-oxo-agerophorone against soil borne pathogens

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - 9-Oxo-agerophorone is a cadinene sesquiterpene, isolated from the leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of...     

工业化自动多层翻板式豆粕固态发酵床的设计与试验

传统固态发酵条件难以控制、工业放大困难、能耗高、占地面积大,不能实现工业化流水线自动生产,更不能适应目前发酵行业规模化发展的需要。为了解决这些问题,运用现代工业设计理念,结合机械化及自动化控制技术,设计了可进行灭菌、接种、拌料、发酵的固态发酵装置。以此装置为基础,形成了集原料预处理、配料、发酵、干燥为一体的固态发酵生产系统,现已成功投产。以豆粕为原料,采用设计的生产线进行豆粕酶解发酵试验。在固态发酵期间,发酵相对湿度控制在38%~42%,而发酵24 h后,温度能稳定在37?C左右,适合微生物生长。发酵72 h结束后,饲料中酸溶性蛋白质量分数相对提高了21.2%,KOH溶解度从57.19%提高到了77.45%。结果表明:豆粕酶解发酵饲料的各项参数满足企业标准,产品质量优良。发酵过程中装置运行稳定,生产规模大,单批次最大生产量为10 t,满足工业化生产需要。该装置机械自动化水平高,可以连续批量生产,适用于生物饲料、生物肥料、生物色素、生物农药、生物燃料、生物酶制剂等多个领域。     

基于TRMM卫星资料的“麦莎”台风降水特征分析

为了解台风降水云团的动力和热力结构及微物理特性,利用TRMM卫星观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料,综合分析了"麦莎"台风的降水水平和垂直结构特征,并对TRMM 3B42给出的台风降水时空分布特征进行了评估分析。结果表明:(1)"麦莎"台风以层云降水为主,对总降水量的贡献也最大,雨强集中在20 mm/h以下,且降水有明显的不对称性;台风成熟时,有2个或2个以上的螺旋雨带,外螺旋雨带更为深厚;随着台风增强,强雨带收缩,登陆减弱后,强雨带由中心向外围扩展,降水高度减小。(2)由于融合了地面观测降水,TRMM 3B42降水产品给出的"麦莎"台风降水与地面自动站有着更为相似的时空分布特征。     

惰性粉气溶胶横向环流与直排施粉防虫效果比较研究

通过施粉后粮库内采样,实验室培养,检查试虫死亡率的方法,对比了平房仓内横向通风系统下,利用环流与直排两种惰性粉气溶胶施粉方式的防虫效果。结果表明:两种方式都能使惰性粉气溶胶贯穿粮堆,形成最低致死浓度,对长角扁谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹和赤拟谷盗均能起到一定的防治效果,环流施粉好于直排施粉,在惰性粉分布的均匀性上,两者均没有表现出明显的优势。     

锌肥不同用量对旱地油用亚麻生长及种子产量的影响

以油用亚麻为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究锌肥对宁南山区旱地油用亚麻生长发育及种子产量的影响,结果表明：锌肥有利于促进油用亚麻苗期的生长发育,改善油用亚麻植株高度、单株鲜重、单株干重及农艺性状指标,增加油用亚麻产量,以施锌肥30.0kg/hm ²处理产量最高,为1 111.65kg/hm ²。     

壁蜂与蜜蜂对棉花胞质雄性不育系的传粉特性比较

为了筛选适用于棉花胞质雄性不育系授粉的蜂种,2013―2014年以蜜蜂为对照,在网室内进行壁蜂对棉花胞质雄性不育系授粉试验,观察壁蜂和蜜蜂在棉花花朵上的生物学特性,并进行田间性状的统计分析。结果表明:壁蜂的适应性较好,受天气影响较小,但温度超过35℃后访花活动明显减少;壁蜂在不育系和保持系上的单花停留时间极显著大于蜜蜂。壁蜂授粉与蜜蜂授粉,在单株结铃数、单铃籽粒数和衣分上差异极显著,单株果枝数、铃重差异显著。蜜蜂授粉较壁蜂授粉平均制种产量高,但壁蜂制种成本低。改进田间管理措施以及采用多次适时释放壁蜂的方式,壁蜂授粉将会在棉花胞质雄性不育系授粉中发挥更大作用。     

非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下边坡可靠度上限

传统边坡可靠度分析往往在岩土参数服从线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称线性M-C）破坏准则的假设条件下进行,并且常常采用极限平衡法或有限元法计算安全系数。然而,岩土介质破坏准则具有一定的非线性。为能更加实际地描述岩土破坏机理和得到严格精确的解,基于非线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称非线性M-C）破坏准则,结合极限分析上限法和蒙特卡洛法,进行边坡可靠度上限分析。当非线性参数m=1时,与等效的线性M-C破坏准则进行对比计算,验证了方法的可行性。同时,将初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数作为随机变量且服从截断正态分布,进行了参数变异性和敏感性影响分析。研究表明：非线性M-C破坏准则下,边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数变异性的增大而减小;边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力和内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）的增大而增大,随非线性参数的增大而减小。     

Effects of water and nitrogen addition on vegetation carbon pools in a semi-arid temperate steppe

Global change will lead to increases in regional precipitation and nitrogen(N) deposition in the semi-arid grasslands of northern China. We investigated the responses of vegetation carbon(C) pools to simulated precipitation and N deposition increases through field experiments in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The treatments included NH_4NO_3 addition at concentrations of 0(CK), 5(LN, low nitrogen), 10(middle nitrogen, MN), and 20(HN,high nitrogen)(g m~(-2)a~(-1)) with and without water. After three consecutive years of treatment, from 2010 to 2012,water addition did not significantly change the size of the total vegetation C pools, but it significantly decreased the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.05) relative to controls. By contrast, N addition significantly increased the total vegetation C pools. The C pools in the LN, MN and HN treatments increased by 22, 39 and 44 %, respectively. MN produced the largest effect among the N concentrations,although differences between N-added treatments were not significant(P [ 0.05). N addition significantly reduced the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.03). However, there were no significant interactive effects of water and N addition on the vegetation C pools.