甘肃中部地区秋播小黑麦套作式复种甜高粱的效应及品质研究

为探索适宜于甘肃省中部地区的秋播小黑麦复种甜高粱技术,于2017-2018年在甘肃省兰州市开展了以前茬作物秋播小黑麦(甘农2号小黑麦)的种植方式为主区,小黑麦→甜高粱跨年复种方式为副区,甜高粱品种(大奖1000、大奖505)为副副区的3因素裂区试验.试验中测定秋播小黑麦株高、枝条数、草产量及营养指标,甜高粱的株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、草产量及营养等相关指标,并进行分析.结果表明:甘肃中部地区小黑麦复种甜高粱最佳复种方式为秋季甘农2号小黑麦种植3行留30 cm,翌年夏季空行间套作式复种1行甜高粱大奖1000,小黑麦和甜高粱分别于开花期和抽穗期收获,全年总鲜、干草产量分别可达136.52、38.52 t·hm-2.     

秃疮花水溶性外用制剂抗病毒试验

为了确定秃疮花水溶性外用制剂的临床应用剂量标准,试验用甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所研制的秃疮花水溶性外用制剂,以Reed-Muench法进行了体外抗病毒试验。试验结果表明秃疮花水溶性外用制剂对GPV的IC50=2-6．5倍个外用制剂试验单位（8．8mg／mL外用制剂干物质）;对CPDV的IC50=2-7．2倍个外用制剂试验单位（5．4mg／mL外用制剂干物质）。这说明秃疮花水溶性外用制剂对GPV和CPDV有一定的抑制功能。     

Isolation and Identification of a Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Immune Efficacy of Its Inactivated Vaccine

This study was aimed to isolate a mutant strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and prepare a PEDV inactivated vaccine with high valence by suspension culture process for immunizing against PEDV effectively in China.200 small intestines and theirs contents of diarrhea piglets died of diarrhea,collected from many large-scale pig farms in China,were detected by RT-PCR and sequenced,a mutant strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus was selected and put on the suspension-cultured Vero cells in a 2 L reactor for virus isolation and continuous cell culture,the harvested virus suspension,which was identified and determined TCID₅₀,was inactivated by formaldehyde and mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant to prepare PEDV inactivated vaccine.After its physical behavior,stability viscosity,sterility test were checked out,the safety and immune efficacy were studied by immunizing the pregnant pigs and theirs piglets.The results were as follows:86 samples were detected positive in 200 samples,cytopathy occurred after the mutant strain samples screened were passaged to 5th generation,the virus suspension was harvested in 10th generation and identified as a mutant strain of PEDV,named PEDV-GF10 strain.The virus titer of harvested virus suspension was measured up to 1×10^8.0 TCID₅₀/mL after concentrated.After the vaccine was checked out,the sows,40 and 25 days before delivery in experimental groups,were injected into Xuehai acupoint with 4 mL vaccine and the pigs in blank group were free of immunifications.The results showed that there were no obvious differences in the production status of the sows in experimental groups and blank group and the temperature of theirs 3-day-old healthy piglets injected different doses of vaccine,and the vaccine was safe to the sows and piglets.Forty 3-day-old piglets producted by pregnant sows in experimental groups and blank group were randomly selected and taken 4 mL 1×10^8.0TCID₅₀/mL F10 virus culture.The PEDV morbidity of piglets in blank group was 100% after injection and the antibodies were negative;10% piglets in blank group had mild diarrhea symptoms,the protection rate was up to 90%,antibody of passive immunity in piglets lasted for more than 35 days.Virus titer of mutant strain of PEDV-GF10 improved a lot by suspension cell culture,the PEDV-GF10 inactivated vaccine was safe,and could effectively prevent and control the variation strain of PEDV in China.     

不同季节放牧对矮嵩草草甸植物叶面积指数的影响

采用样方法对青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸冬春季放牧、夏秋季放牧和不放牧样地各类植物叶面积指数、相对生长速率、地上活植物量以及叶茎比进行了调查分析,以研究不同季节放牧对矮嵩草草甸的影响。结果表明,7~8月,地上活植物量都是先增加后降低,7月24日达到峰值,其中夏季放牧地上活植物量最大,322.7 g/m2。不放牧对其叶面积指数的影响不大,夏季放牧其叶面积指数不断增大,8月8日达到最大值3.9;冬季放牧其叶面积指数先降低后增加,7月24日降到最小值2.9;地上活生物量与叶面积指数之间呈正相关。3种处理下矮嵩草草甸植物1个月内相对生长速率变化不同,7月9日~7月24日,群落地上植物量的净积累为正增长过程(RGR0),7月24日~8月9日呈负增长(RGR0),植物量下降。冬春季放牧下矮嵩草草甸各类植物的叶茎比不断增加,8月8日达最大值6;夏秋季放牧先增加后降低,7月24日达最大值6.9;不放牧先降低后增加,7月24日降到最小值4.3,8月8日达到最大值6.6。     

BL-SCFB-3型生物质快速热解装置的研发

能源和环境的双重压力,使得人类必须开发可再生能源,而生物质能是可再生能源中比较理想的选择在生物质能利用技术中,快速热解技术可将能量密度低的低品位的生物质转变为高品位能源,被认为是最具发展潜力的生物质能利用技术之一。目前,国内外关于快速热解技术的研究主要是以微量或者试验室小试水平为基础而开展的,对于中试和     

基因型鹅副粘病毒NA-1株全基因组的克隆及特性分析

将本实验室分离保存的NA-1株鹅副粘病毒(GPMV)经SPF鸡胚增殖,收集鸡胚尿囊液进行病毒纯化,提取病毒基因组RNA。参考GenBank已收录的GPMVZJ1株基因组序列,设计了8对特异性引物,RT-PCR法分别特异性的扩增出病毒各基因片段,并将各目的基因片段回收纯化,克隆PGEM-T载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,小提质粒选取阳性克隆酶切鉴定并进行序列测定,对测定结果进行拼接得到全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:DQ659677)。NA-1株核苷酸比新城疫病毒(NDV)核苷酸多6个碱基,位于1644~1645nt之间,符合NDV核苷酸“六碱基原则”。序列分析结果表明,GPMVNA-1株与各地代表株核苷酸同源性81.2%~91.3%。同时根据各毒株F基因开放阅读框前389个核苷酸序列绘制出系统发育进化树,结果表明GPMNNA-1株与SF02和QY97病毒株同属于基因型,不同于基因IX型NDV的国家标准株F48E9和基因型的LaSota传统弱毒株。     

遗传距离与利用微卫星进行系统树构建初探

以中国牛亚科家畜6个群体12对微卫星数据为基础,采用6种遗传距离（DA、DC、DS、DSW,（σμ）^2和DTL）和2种聚类方法（UPGMA和NJ法）,探索它们对系统树构建准确性的影响。结果表明：微卫星位点平均杂合度水平显著影响系统树构建的准确性,用DA和DC遗传距离构建的系统树准确性相对较高,但很难确定NJ法和UPGMA法哪一种更适合于系统树的构建,而DTL遗传距离用于系统树构建有待进一步完善;最后,对微卫星用于家畜系统树构建的有效性和局限性进行了探讨。     

秃疮花针剂抗鸡NDV和IBV-H52试验

为了确定秃疮花针剂的抗病毒临床应用剂量标准,试验用甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所研制的秃疮花针剂,以Reed-Muensch法和血凝实验进行了鸡胚的毒性试验及抗鸡NDV、IBV-H52试验。结果表明,秃疮花针剂在18~36倍稀释时对鸡ND病毒和对鸡传染性支气管炎H52病毒有一定的抑制作用,为探索秃疮花针剂的抗病毒机理和秃疮花针剂的临床应用奠定了基础。     

吉林省蜜蜂疫病危害现状及发展对策

调查分析了吉林省主要蜜蜂饲养区蜜蜂疫病危害的现状,发现蜜蜂白垩病(56%)、蜂螨(40%)及爬蜂病(20%)为吉林省3大主要蜜蜂病害,同时通过实验室检测病蜂样本发现,蜜蜂微孢子虫的隐性感染情况较为严重,32%的蜂场存在不同程度的感染,应引起重视。蜜蜂敌害中胡蜂危害(42%)较为严重,个别蜂场兼受地胆、蚂蚁及蟾蜍的侵害。蜂病的确诊是目前饲养者面临的第一难题,建议尽快建立蜜蜂疫病防治技术体系,宣传蜜蜂健康养殖技术,加强流行病学及相关基础研究,加大抗病蜂种的培育力度,加快无公害对症蜂药的研究进展,给饲养者养成防患于未然、饲养强群等优良习惯,为蜜蜂产业的健康发展奠定良好的基础。     

肌肉系水力的影响因素及其可能机制

系水力是反映肉品质的重要指标,对肌肉的物理形态、风味、肉色等都有重要的意义.研究表明,肌肉净电荷含量减少、肌肉收缩、肌肉细胞蛋白降解以及遗传因素等都会影响系水力,但是目前对影响肌肉系水力的具体作用机制尚不完全明确.本文旨在结合国内外研究进展,对系水力的影响因素及其机制进行综述.同时,如何通过各种手段调控系水力,获得优良的肉质产品,是未来重要的研究方向.