禽流感(H9)疫苗免疫间隔期探讨

通过在不同日龄对海兰褐蛋鸡进行禽流感(H9)灭活疫苗的免疫,探讨禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫间隔期。结果表明,开产以后不管防疫2次、3次、4次禽流感灭活疫苗,抗体水平均在6log2以上,且鸡的日龄越大,免疫次数越少,免疫抗体持续期越长。因此,建议从育成到鸡群淘汰的饲养全程中,四次时机恰当、搭配合理的禽流感(H9)疫苗免疫基本上能使得95%以上产蛋期抗体维持于7log2以上。     

Electroacupuncture-induced neural activation detected by use of manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging in rabbits

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on neural activity detected by use of manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and elucidate the relationship between somatic acupoint stimulation and brain activation. ANIMALS: 40 New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURE: Manganese-enhanced fMRI was performed in anesthetized rabbits manipulated with electroacupuncture (EA) on Zusanli (ST-36) and Yanglingquan (GB-34) acupoints. Image acquisition was performed on a 1.5T superconductive clinical scanner with a circular polarized extremity coil. T1-weighted images were acquired sequentially as follows: baseline, after mannitol injection, after manganese infusion, and 5 and 20 minutes after initiation of EA. RESULTS: Changes in focal neural activity were detected by use of manganese-enhanced fMRI. Stimulation on Zusanli (ST-36) for 5 minutes resulted in activation of the hippocampus, whereas stimulation on Yanglingquan (GB-34) resulted in activation of the hypothalamus, insula, and motor cortex. Activation became less specific after 20 minutes of EA. Furthermore, stimulation on ipsilateral acupoints led to bilateral brain activation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Each acupoint has a corresponding cerebral linkage, and stimulation on these points resulted in time-dependent neural activation. Understanding the linkage between peripheral acupoint stimulation and central neural pathways may provide a useful guide for clinical applications of acupuncture.     

Effects of supplemental vitamin E during the mature period on the reproduction performance of Taiwan Native Chicken cockerels

One-day-old Taiwan native male chicks were fed with maize-soybean rearing diets without supplemental vitamin E to 23 weeks of age. From 23 to 52 weeks of age, the cockerels (n = 90) were assigned at random to 5 dietary treatments and fed with maize-soybean diets supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate). Pullets (225) of the same age were fed with standard diets throughout. They were artificially inseminated with one dose of 0.04 ml/bird intact and 5-fold diluted pooled semen at 31 to 43 weeks of age and at 49 weeks of age, respectively. The criteria evaluated included: semen quality, fertility and maximum and effective duration of fertility, blood characteristics, body and testes weight. Supplemental vitamin E did not affect cockerels' effective duration of fertility and percentage of fertility. However, when pullets were inseminated with diluted semen, supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E increased the maximum duration of fertility at 49 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving 40 to 160mg/kg supplements had higher sperm viability and motility after 39 weeks of age and those fed 80 mg/kg had higher sperm concentration at 39 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving supplements of more than 40 mg/kg vitamin E had higher body weight gain. Plasma cholesterol and testosterone were not affected by supplemental vitamin E. However, plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentration was lower in cockerels fed 160 mg/kg. Lack of supplemental vitamin E over 39 weeks was associated with lower semen quality but did not reduce the proportion of fertile eggs laid by inseminated hens, perhaps because the insemination dose compensated for low sperm quality. We found that the maximum duration of fertility might be improved by supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E at 49 weeks of age.     

乙酸钠对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性的影响及机制分析

通过向油酸诱导的大鼠肝成纤维细胞(BRL-3A)脂肪变性模型中添加不同浓度(2、4、8 mmol·L^-1)的乙酸钠,探讨其对脂肪变性细胞模型脂代谢的调控机理及细胞损伤的修复作用。试验方法：1)用不同浓度的油酸(0、0.03、0.06、0.12、0.24、0.48) mmol·L^-1刺激BRL-3A细胞24 h后,分别检测细胞相对活力、总脂滴面积、三酰甘油(TG)含量、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性,建立脂肪变性细胞模型;2)向BRL-3A细胞中添加不同浓度的乙酸钠,通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;3)用不同浓度的乙酸钠和0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸共同孵育BRL-3A细胞,试验分为4组,分别为油酸处理组、2 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组、4 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组和8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组,分别对细胞脂滴、TG含量、AST、ALT活性、AMPK信号通路蛋白以及脂代谢关键基因进行检测。结果显示:1)用0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸处理BRL-3A细胞24 h,成功建立BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型。2)不同浓度的乙酸钠对BRL-3A细胞凋亡率没有影响;3)4、8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠处理脂肪变性细胞模型后,与油酸处理组相比,细胞总脂滴面积、每平方毫米脂滴数、TG含量、AST和ALT活性均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)下降,P-AMPK表达水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)上升;脂合成代谢相关基因ACC、FAS以及SCD-1 mRNA表达水平均有一定程度下降;脂分解代谢相关基因CPT-1、CPT-2以及ACO mRNA表达水平均有一定程度上升。本研究表明,乙酸钠会通过AMPK通路激活脂分解代谢,减轻肝细胞脂质蓄积,并且对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型的损伤具有一定缓解作用。     

红豆草茬地放牧对湖羊和小尾寒羊生长性能、瘤胃内环境参数及微生物区系的影响

本试验以空怀期湖羊和小尾寒羊为研究对象,分析在红豆草茬地放牧条件下其生长性能、瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物区系之间的差异,以期为不同品种放牧绵羊对红豆草茬地的响应情况积累数据,进而为陇中地区草地生产系统的科学管理提供技术支持。选择年龄一致、体况良好的空怀期湖羊[平均体重（31.95±1.60） kg]和小尾寒羊[平均体重（27.38±2.84） kg]各24只为试验动物,于红豆草二茬草地进行为期45 d的混群放牧试验,试验期间测定动物体重并采集瘤胃液用于瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物区系分析。结果表明：1）湖羊组始重和末重显著高于小尾寒羊组（P<0.05）,但平均日增重和体重增长率显著低于小尾寒羊组（P<0.05）。2）小尾寒羊组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于湖羊组（P<0.05）。3）小尾寒羊组瘤胃微生物Shannon指数显著高于湖羊组（P<0.05）,Simpson指数显著低于湖羊组（P<0.05）。4）在门水平上,湖羊组的优势菌门依次为变形菌门（58.81%）、拟杆菌门（17.21%）和厚壁菌门（16.09%）,而小尾寒羊组的优势菌门依次为厚壁菌门（36....     

日粮能量和蛋白质水平对奶牛繁殖性能影响的研究进展

奶牛繁殖性能下降与能量和蛋白质有关,本文系统地介绍了日粮能量和蛋白质水平对奶牛繁殖性能影响的研究进展,并着重论述了能量负平衡(NEB)及日粮蛋白质、脂肪酸和氨基酸对奶牛繁殖的影响.     

副猪嗜血杆菌黏附基因的表达和免疫原性鉴定

为获得副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)黏附素基因的表达产物并对其进行免疫原性鉴定,本研究采用PCR技术扩增了HPS黏附素基因序列,将扩增产物与表达载体pET-32a(+)连接,得到表达重组质粒。通过EcoRⅤ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定和测序确认正确后,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,获得了59.5ku的表达产物,与预期大小的黏附素蛋白分子量一致。经western blot检测,表达产物与HPS阳性血清反应,证明表达产物具有一定的免疫活性。提示本研究所表达的蛋白将有助于HPS的血清学诊断和疫苗的研发。     

玉屏风散对小鼠β防御素-2基因表达的影响

研究玉屏风散益气固表、提高机体对环境病因抵抗力的机理。实验组6只小鼠以玉屏风散水煎液灌胃10 d,对照组6只小鼠给予同体积生理盐水,处死动物后提取肺组织总RNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定小鼠在灌服玉屏风散水煎液后β防御素-2基因表达水平。结果实验组小鼠β防御素-2基因的相对表达量是对照组的9.327倍。表明玉屏风散增强机体抵抗力与其可上调β防御素-2基因的表达从而提高机体非特异性免疫力有关。