Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

顶复门原虫电子转移链代谢及Ⅱ型NADH脱氢酶研究进展

顶复门原虫是包括刚地弓形虫、疟原虫及球虫等在内的一大类寄生性原虫的总称,可引起重要的人畜寄生虫病.抗顶复门原虫药物的长期使用,甚至是滥用,使得这类寄生虫对现有药物产生了明显的抗药性,急需开发新型药物.Ⅱ型NAD(P)H脱氢酶是电子转移链途径中的关键酶,由于其仅存在于某些植物、细菌、真菌和寄生原虫等一些低等生物体内,而在高等动物体内缺失,是研发新型抗感染性药物的重要靶标.笔者主要针对顶复门原虫线粒体电子转移链代谢途径以及Ⅱ型NAD(P)H脱氢酶的研究概况进行综述.     

不同茶树品种名优绿茶品质比较研究

对龙井、乌牛早、迎霜、萍云11号、福鼎大毫、湘妃翠、茗丰、碧香早等8个茶树品种名优绿茶,采用感官审评、生化成分分析和高效液相色谱分析等方法对其品质特点进行了比较研究．感官审评结果表明,春季以茗丰、萍云11号、迎霜、福鼎大毫名优绿茶品质最好,夏季以湘妃翠、萍云11号、茗丰名优绿茶品质较好．生化成分测定结果表明,春季以福鼎大毫、萍云11号、迎霜、茗丰氨基酸含量较高,分别为2．83％,2．84％,2．67％,2．66％;儿茶素比值以湘妃翠最低1．477．夏季以湘妃翠、萍云11号氨基酸含量较高,分别为1．82％,1．81％;儿茶素比值以湘妃翠最低2．199;脂溶性色素测定结果还表明,春茶色泽物质组成差异不明显,夏茶以湘妃翠、迎霜的Ch1／Car,Ch1／Phy值同春茶接近,色泽品质较佳．     

不同光强的LED光源对水培上海青生长和品质的影响

利用波长为630 nm红光和460 nm蓝光LED(Light Emitting Diode)作为光源,以自然光为对照,研究4种不同光合有效辐射(PAR,分别为100、150、200、250μmol/m2.s)的LED光源对静止水培上海青生长和品质的影响。结果表明:LED光源和自然光处理的上海青都出现叶片叶缘向下卷曲的现象;随着LED光源PAR的增大,上海青叶片的叶缘卷曲程度加重,甚至出现叶缘向上卷曲的现象,但徒长现象减轻,植株较健壮,各项生物量和生长指标也呈增大的趋势;叶绿素含量各指标差异不大,且LED光源处理的VC含量高于自然光处理;当PAR为200～250μmol/m2.s时较利于上海青的生长。     

Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Its Trend Change in Shaanxi Province Based on SPEI and MI

【Objective】 At present, most drought studies were based on historical drought events to analyze the causes and trends. This paper sought to simulate the drought index method when outputting future meteorological data based on CMIP5 model, and explored the characteristics of past and future drought changes in Shaanxi Province, which could provide a basis for the future management of agricultural water resources in Shaanxi Province. 【Method】Based on the historical data of 18 meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province and CMIP5 model, the future meteorological data were output. The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) was simulated by comparing three kinds of models. The standard precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) and relative moisture index (MI) were calculated based on the reference crop ET₀ and precipitation data to reflect the drought degree. The spatial and temporal characteristics of drought in the past (1958-2017) and in the future (2018-2100) were compared.【Result】Multiple linear regression (MLR) simulation could accurately predict the reference crop ET₀ (RMSE=0.457 mm·d ^-1). In the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the future drought index showed an upward trend. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, there was a sudden change in the drought index in the 1940s. The degree of drought would decrease in the future of Shaanxi Province, and the distribution of drought would be more uneven during the year. In the future, the degree of drought would decrease during summer maize growth season, and the degree of drought would increase during winter wheat growth season.【Conclusion】The characteristics and extent of drought change were different under different RCP scenarios. The changes in drought characteristics reflected by SPEI and MI were basically the same, but there were differences in the changes in some time periods. In order to effectively cope with the negative impact of climate change on dry crop yields, it was necessary to enhance soil water storage and conservation capacity, especially to strengthen drought resistance during the winter wheat growing season.     

长江下游粳稻稻瘟病广谱抗性基因组合模式分析

[目的]基因聚合是实现水稻稻瘟病广谱抗性的有效途径之一.通过构建粳稻背景下不同双基因聚合系,利用长江下游粳型稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzea)菌株评价其抗性效应并解析其抗性效应产生的构成因子,为长江下游粳稻抗稻瘟病育种提供广谱抗性基因组合模式和种质资源.[方法]以粳稻07GY31为背景的Piz基因座不同复...     

鳜下丘脑神经元细胞培养

为了建立可行、高效的下丘脑神经元细胞技术,本研究通过分离鳜下丘脑组织,用Ⅰ型胶原酶将组织消化成单细胞悬液,并用完全培养液进行培养,在培养的第3、4、5和6天观察细胞的形态。结果显示,培养第3天时细胞贴壁量少,胞体小并且呈单个分布;在培养第4天,细胞的数量显著增多,且具有典型的神经元的形态,胞体饱满;第5天神经元胞体的融合度进一步增大,突起增长增粗,许多分支互相交错连接而形成密集的神经纤维网络;第6天细胞活性减弱,开始凋亡。使用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,结果显示,在培养第5天,细胞活性最高;采用荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)法和免疫荧光鉴定法对神经元细胞进行鉴定,经RT-PCR检测发现,培养的下丘脑细胞可以表达神经元特异基因noggin,经免疫荧光鉴定,下丘脑神经元细胞纯度为95.9%。研究表明,通过此培养方法能够获得纯度较高的鳜下丘脑神经元细胞,为进一步在细胞水平研究鳜的摄食与能量代谢相关机理奠定基础。     

温度对四川华鳊胚胎发育的影响

为探索温度对四川华鳊胚胎发育的影响,笔者观察16、19、22、25、28、31℃6个温度条件下四川华鳊的胚胎发育过程,描述总结(25±0.5)℃下胚胎发育各个阶段的形态特征。研究结果显示,四川华鳊胚胎发育过程可划分为受精卵、胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官分化和出膜等8个连续发育阶段;在(25±0.5)℃下孵化总历时44.83 h;在温度为16℃时,胚胎发育至原肠胚晚期全部死亡;19℃时孵化率为30.00%,其中畸形致死占87.19%,显著高于其余4个温度组(P<0.05);温度由19℃升至31℃时,胚胎发育所需时间变短,各温度间差异显著(P<0.05),其中器官分化阶段均用时最长,占整个胚胎孵化历时的72.53%~77.07%;胚胎畸形率随着温度升高而上升,31℃的胚胎畸形率约为28℃的2倍;在22~28℃时,胚胎的受精率和孵化率、成活率最高,畸形率最低。研究结果表明,水温在(19±1)℃,卵径(y)与胚胎孵化时间(x)的关系为y=49.56-44.36x+47.92x^2(r^2=0.996);水温22~28℃为适宜孵化温度,最佳水温约为25℃;胚胎发育的生物学零度为12.69℃,有效积温为522.35~595.11℃·h。     

虾蟹混养池塘浮游植物群落结构的变化特征

为摸清锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)与斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)混养池塘浮游植物种群结构的变化特征,于2018年3-11月对广州市番禺区十六涌3个养殖池塘中的浮游植物开展了逐月调查,并通过冗余分析(RDA)探讨了浮游植物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,养殖池塘中共鉴定出浮游植物29种,主要由硅藻、蓝藻、甲藻、绿藻和裸藻5大门类组成,其中硅藻种类最多(19种),占浮游植物种类数的65.5%;其次是蓝藻,共5种,占浮游植物种类数17.2%;甲藻3种,绿藻和裸藻各1种。共出现优势种16种,主要为直舟形藻(Navicula directa)、奇异菱形藻(Nitzschia paradoxa)、柔弱菱形藻(Nitzschia delicatissima)、尖布纹藻(Gyrosigma acuminatum)、大角角藻(Ceratium macroceros)和小颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis)等。浮游植物细胞密度介于2.56×103~189.2×103个·m-3,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数介于0.468~2.597。浮游植物与环境因子相关性RDA结果表明,营养盐、盐度和pH是影响养殖塘浮游植物种群结构的主要环境因子。     

新疆叶尔羌河流域4种裂腹鱼多变量形态学对比分析

为明确叶尔羌河流域4种裂腹鱼的表型差异,实验整合传统形态学和框架分析法2个数据体系,利用多变量形态学统计分析法对叶尔羌河流域裂腹鱼类(4种,494尾,48组参数)开展分析。单因子方差分析结果显示,9个参数同时在4种裂腹鱼中存在显著差异,差异主要位于头部、前躯干部和后躯干部;主成分分析结果显示,重唇裂腹鱼与厚唇裂腹鱼形态数据在PC1轴上差异显著,主要反映头部特征;而框架数据结果显示,塔里木裂腹鱼和宽口裂腹鱼在第一主成分上差异较大,主要体现在后躯干部;2个数据体系逐步判别分析分别选取8个和6个主要参数建立判别公式,初始判别成功率分别为85.7%和75.7%,散点图组质心分离,样品重叠少;聚类分析结果显示,2个数据体系均分为2个分支,其中重唇裂腹鱼单独成一支,塔里木裂腹鱼与厚唇裂腹鱼在形态上距离较近,与宽口裂腹鱼次之。研究表明,2个数据体系中,形态数据表现较优于框架数据;叶尔羌河流域4种裂腹鱼外部形态存在显著差异,利用多元统计方法可以较好区分,但仍存在一定的重叠。