院士谈21世纪新疆蚕业的发展思路

中国工程院院士,农业部蚕桑学重点开放实验室主任、博士生导师,中国蚕丝学会理事长,西南大学教授向仲怀先生与农业部蚕桑学重点开放实验室副主任、教授、博士生导师,西南大学蚕学与生物技术学院院长,家蚕国家重大基础研究项目首席科学家夏庆友博士一行4人,于2005年9月25日至30日对"丝绸之路"西部重镇-新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番地区绿州农业及和田地区的栽桑养蚕情况和桑树生态环境进行了为期4天的实地考察研究.考察期间向仲怀院士和夏庆友院长与新疆维吾尔自治区科学技术厅、农业厅、自治区和田蚕桑科学研究所、和田地区行政公署、新疆金怡丝绸进出口贸易公司、和田沙驼丝绸有限责任公司、和田玉圣科技有限责任公司等政府、企业有关单位领导进行了座谈并作了"中国家蚕基因组计划与21世纪新的丝绸之路"学术报告.针对实际情况,院士探讨21世纪的新疆蚕业.     

于娜与『大饼』

带犬女民警于娜,今年24岁,是北京市公安局刑侦总队警犬侦查训练大队的侦查员。     

英国家禽业发展现状

1 英国家禽业概况 　　1.1 基本情况 　　英国家禽业在过去的20年里发展迅速,到2005年各种家禽产量如下:鸡8.5亿只,火鸡2 000万只,鸭1 900万只,鹅10万只.这种快速增长很大部分是由于肉鸡数量的加倍增长导致禽肉人均消费增长所致,在英国超过90%的禽肉消费来源于本国生产,而母鸡繁殖力的增强则保证了产蛋量的相应增加. 　　……     

多角体蛋白基因核苷酸序列对HBsAg(PreS2+S)在家蚕中表达的作用

应用PCR突变的方法 ,在乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)前S2序列的 5’端融合了BmNPV多角体蛋白基因5’端的 12个碱基 ,获得了融合乙肝表面抗原中蛋白基因 (HBMp) ;通过同源重组将其插入到BmNPV基因组多角体启动子后 ,构建了重组杆状病毒BmPAK HBMp。用重组病毒BmPAK HBMp和BmPAK HBM(带有非融合乙肝表面抗原中蛋白基因 )感染家蚕细胞及蛹 ,对两种病毒的表达产物用ELISA进行了跟踪检测 ,结果表明融合蛋白比非融合蛋白HBsAg活性提高了 6 0 %～ 80 % ,作为HBsAg构成部分的PreS2抗原性提高了 8～ 10倍 ;并且HBsAg和PreS2 Ag表达的时相曲线不同 ,PreS2 Ag的表达量比HBsAg早 1～ 2d达到最大值。ELISA检测和Westernblotting分析表明 ,多角体基因序列的存在更有利于中蛋白全基因 (PreS2 +S)的表达。     

Rapid identification of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates associated with diarrhoea in Queensland piggeries

OBJECTIVE: To identify virulence genes in enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) isolates associated with diarrhoea in neonatal, 1 to 3 week-old and weaned pigs in southeast Queensland. DESIGN: Multiplex PCR and serotyping were applied to E coli isolates obtained over a 5-year period (1998-2002) from cases diagnosed at Toowoomba Veterinary Laboratory. PROCEDURE: A total of 126 isolates from 25 different Queensland piggeries were tested for haemolytic activity on 5% sheep blood agar and by multiplex PCR for the presence of five commonly recognised fimbrial (F4, F5, F6, F41 and F18) and three enterotoxin genes (STa, STb, LT). A subset of 62 representative isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination. For comparative purposes, multiplex PCR was also performed on the DNA of 31 ETEC isolates from 9 serotypes originating from piggeries in southern New South Wales. RESULTS: A total of 113 (89.7%) of the isolates from Queensland possessed ETEC virulence genes, including 14 of 15 isolates from neonatal pigs (93.3%), 18 of 23 isolates from 1 to 3 week old pigs (78.3%) and 81 of 88 isolates from weaned pigs (92.1%). F4:STa:STb:LT (serotype O149) was the most prevalent pathotype in neonatal and 1-3 week old pigs and F4:STa:STb:LT (serotype O149) and F18:STa:STb:LT (serotype O141) were most prevalent in weaned pigs. In comparison, isolates obtained from neonatal pigs from New South Wales belonged to a more diverse range of pathotypes and serotypes. CONCLUSION: Multiplex PCR was a rapid and specific method for detecting the presence of ETEC virulence genes in porcine E coli isolates. For isolates obtained from cases of suspected colibacillosis in Queensland, growth of a heavy pure culture of haemolytic E coli was a sensitive prognostic indicator of the presence of ETEC virulence genes in the isolate. ETEC pathotypes and serotypes remained stable in Queensland piggeries over the five-year study period and appear to have changed little over the last three decades.     

猕猴A群链球菌感染的调查与控制

2002年3月—2003年4月，广东某地多个猕猴养殖场猕猴发生传染性肺炎和出血性胃肠炎，部分猕猴因此而死亡。经病原学检查，证实病原主要为A群链球菌，2个养殖场为A群链球球和普通变形杆菌混合感染。通过使用恩诺沙星治疗发病动物、使用链球菌灭活疫苗进行免疫、场舍定期消毒，有效地控制了疾病。现报道如下。     

Effect of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I on porcine preantral follicular growth, antrum formation, and stimulation of granulosal cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in vitro

The object of this study was to investigate the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and IGF-I in the regulation of preantral follicular growth, antrum formation, and granulosal cell proliferation/ apoptosis. Porcine preantral follicles were manually dissected and cultured for up to 8 d in Waymouth's (Exp. 1) or alpha-minimum Eagle's essential medium (Exp. 2 and 3) supplemented with 10 microg/mL of transferrin, 100 microg/mL of L-ascorbic acid, and 2 mU/mL of ovine FSH, in the presence (Exp. 1 and 3) or absence (Exp. 2) of 7.5% fetal calf serum. According to the experimental protocol, IGF-I (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL; Exp. 1), or IGF-I (50 ng/mL), EGF (10 ng/mL) and EGF+IGF-I (Exp. 2 and 3) were added to the culture media. In Exp. 1, follicles exhibited a concentration-dependent response (P < 0.05) to IGF-I, with the highest rates of granulosal cell proliferation, follicular integrity, and recovery rate of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes and lowest incidence of apoptosis occurring at the highest IGF-I dose. In Exp. 2 serum-free medium, granulosal cell proliferation was low (1 to 5%), irrespective of whether EGF and/or IGF-I were present and cellular apoptosis was increased (P < 0.05) on d 4 and 8 in the EGF+IGF-I group compared with the addition of either factor alone. In Exp. 3, granulosal cell proliferation was high in all follicles cultured in serum-containing medium for the first 3 d, but fell sharply (P < 0.05) on d 4, except in media containing IGF-I. Collectively, EGF and IGF-I increased granulosal cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and promoted follicular antrum formation. These results may provide useful information for developing a preantral follicular culture system in which the oocytes are capable of fertilization and embryonic development.     

我国首例小反刍兽疫诊断报告

2007年7月我国西藏发生不明山羊疫情,国家外来动物病诊断中心对当地动物疫病控制中心送检的14只病死山羊病料和一批血清样品分别进行病原学和血清学检测。利用较敏感的小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)特异性荧光定量RT-PCR方法,在11只病羊组织中检测到小反刍兽疫病毒核酸。利用次敏感的PPRV普通RT-PCR方法,从8只病羊组织中检测到PPRV核酸。针对1号样本病原核酸N基因和F基因片段进行遗传发生分析,该病原属于4系。利用竞争ELISA试剂盒对送检的13份血清样本进行抗体检测,结果全部阳性。将1号组织样本接种Vero细胞分离病毒,透射电镜观察下,发现了500纳米左右的病毒粒子。对分离毒株进行PCR检测同样证实其为PPRV。     

新疆乌鲁木齐市犬绦虫感染状况调查

为了解乌鲁木齐市的犬绦虫感染情况,对2012—2015年在乌鲁木齐市8个区(县)采集的17 710份散养犬粪便,采用直接涂片法和漂浮法进行检查,对绦虫卵进行计数,统计感染率。结果共检出阳性样品1 870份,感染率为10.56%;半农半牧型区县的犬绦虫感染情况较主城区区县严重;4年内各区县的犬绦虫感染率整体呈下降趋势。建议各区县落实"犬犬驱虫,月月投药"策略,加强对城市流浪犬的管理。     

不同生长模型估计籽鹅早期体重发育规律及遗传参数

运用Logistic,Gompertz,VonBertalanfy和Cubic4种非线性生长模型对籽鹅1～1周龄的平均体重进行拟合,并分析生长发育规律及遗传参数。结果表明:虽然4个模型都能描述籽鹅的生长过程,拟合度均超过额0.99;但Logistic模型更符合实际饲养情况,能更好地预测体重,为最佳模型,其相应的体重极限参数A为2267.63g,调节参数B为16.27,瞬时相对生长率C为0.47,生长的拐点时间为6.48周龄,拐点体重为1136.81g。