麻城市治沙造林技术研究与推广报告

麻城市根据其沙地立地条件之不同,规划并营造不同的林种、树种,在试验的基础上,大力营造各种防护林,获得了良好的生态、经济和社会效益。     

鹿蹄草素对采后苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用

苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora piricola)是黄河故道地区苹果(Malus sp.)树主要病害之一。近年来,该病的发生与危害日趋严重,给苹果生产造成了很大的损失,严重影响了苹果的质量和产量。苹果轮纹菌不仅侵染田间生长的苹果,由于其潜伏侵染特     

Temperature dependences of the dynamic viscoelastic properties of wood and acetylated wood swollen by water or organic liquids

In this study, to summarize the changes of thermal-softening behaviors of wood and acetylated wood due to differences in the kinds of swelling liquids, the following measurements were conducted. Untreated and acetylated wood samples were swollen by various liquids and the temperature dependences of the dynamic viscoelastic properties were measured after the heating and cooling histories were unified among the samples. The results obtained are as follows. Untreated samples swollen by high-polarity liquid had lower peak temperature of tanδ, however acetylated samples had higher peak temperature of tanδ than those of untreated wood. On the other hand, untreated wood samples swollen by low-polarity liquid had higher peak temperature of tanδ, however acetylated samples had lower peak temperature of tanδ than those of untreated wood. The amount of swelling is determined by interaction between wood and liquid due to proton-accepting power and molar volumes of liquid and so on, therefore the peak temperature of tanδ and degree of reduction in dynamic elastic modulus (E´) with increasing temperature were corresponded to the amount of swelling.     

Simple method for synthesizing phenolicβ-O-4 dilignols

A modified synthetic method for phenolic-O-4 lignin substructure model dimers was developed involving protection of the phenolic hydroxyl group of acetophenons with benzoyl chloride, bromination with 4-dimethylaminopyridiniumbromide perbromide, condensation with phenols in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether, condensation with paraformaldehyde, reduction with NaBH₄ and debenzoylation. This method results in shorter reaction times and increasing yields without the application of strict anhydrous and drastic conditions or chloric solvents. This alternative route could be applied to the-O-4 dilignol syntheses of four combinations of guaiacyl and syringyl derivatives.     

异氰酸酯树脂胶粘剂刨花板制板工艺研究

研究了用异氰酸酯树脂胶粘剂制造刨花板的工艺条件,详细讨论了热压温度、热压时间、密度含水率、施胶量和施蜡量和对刨花板为物理力学性能的影响。结果表明：刨花含水率是继热压工艺三个因素之后的重要影响因子。研究中还发现了“厚度膨胀率平行性”现象,对其进行的深入分析研究揭示了不可逆厚度膨胀率为２４ｈ吸水厚度膨胀率的关系,总结出板材２４ｈ吸水厚度膨胀率的改善只能通过改善不可逆度膨胀率获得。研究结果还表明,利用Ｙ     

湿地松半同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传变异及其综合选择

湿地松(ＰｉｎｕｓｅｌｌｉｏｔｔｉｉＥｎｇｅｌｍ)是优良的纸浆材与建筑材树种,对湿地松的遗传改良,过去侧重于生长性状方面,材性改良仅做了些基础性的工作(管　宁等,1993)。本研究旨在探索湿地松半同胞家系生长、形质和木材性状的遗传变异规律,并利用选择指数,按不同材种(纸浆材、建筑材)培育目标,选择一批生长、形质和材性均优良的湿地松半同胞家系供生产上推广应用。1　材料与方法湿地松半同胞家系测定林设置在湖南省汨罗市桃林林场,属湿地松最适宜引种区。试验于1981年造林,完全随机区组设计,5次重复,6株单行小区,株行距3ｍ×3ｍ。共…     

枸杞的价值及栽培技术

从食用、药用、美容保健、保持水土、“三料”等方面论述了枸杞的实用价值,介绍了枸杞在育苗、栽培、田间管理、病虫害防治等方面的技术,展现出栽培利用枸杞良好的经济效益和生态效益。     

Identification of ‘Candidatus phytoplasma ziziphi’ associated with persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fasciation in China

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) trees, with fasciation symptoms (PF), were observed in an orchard located in suburban Tai'an, Shandong Province, China. A specific fragment of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene, approximately 1.2 kb in length, was amplified from two symptomatic plants via nested polymerase chain reaction, while no fragment was obtained from healthy controls. The two samples (PF1 and PF2) resulted with 99.5% nucleotide sequence identity. Phylogenetic and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that PF1 was a member of ribosomal subgroup B of the elm yellows group (16SrV), and PF2 may represent a novel subgroup within the 16SrV group, designed as 16SrV‐I. This is the first report of phytoplasmas of the 16SrV group associated with persimmon fasciation disease.     

湖北省三峡地区天然林生态效益评估

本文采用涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、积累营养物质、净化大气环境和生物多样性保护等9个功能指标,对湖北省三峡地区天然林生态系统服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明:湖北省三峡地区天然林生态系统服务价值为336.66亿元·年-1。其中,固碳释氧、涵养水源和生物多样性保护3项功能价值量最大,分别占该地区天然林生态系统服务总价值的34.94%,30.45%和29.00%;阔叶林生态系统服务功能价值量最大,占该地区天然林生态系统服务总价值的37.54%。固碳释氧、涵养水源和生物多样性保护等功能都发挥着重要的作用,阔叶林在湖北省三峡地区天然林生态系统中具有突出的功能。     

辣椒单倍体与双单倍体植株叶片光合作用研究

对辣椒单倍体和双单倍体植株的光合作用进行了研究。结果表明 ,在不同光照条件下 ,单倍体植株净光合速率均明显比双单倍体低。在弱光照下 ,气孔的限制作用是单倍体植株净光合速率较低的主要原因 ;而在正常光照下 ,非气孔限制因素是净光合速率降低的主要原因。单倍体植株在强光下受到明显的光抑制 ,单倍体植株净光合速率、气孔导度和表观量子效率均较低 ,在正常光照条件下羧化效率较低 ;光补偿点和细胞间隙CO2 补偿点较高等均是单倍体植株的重要特征