家蚕预蛹粉对糖尿病模型小鼠的降血糖效果试验

利用变态发育至预蛹期的家蚕制备预蛹粉及脱脂预蛹粉,并添加至饲料中饲喂四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病模型小鼠,观测小鼠血糖值及基本生理状况和主要脏器指数的改变。试验组糖尿病模型小鼠饲喂添加5%家蚕预蛹粉的饲料后,其"三多一少"症状有显著改善,肝脏指数、肾脏指数和血糖浓度均极显著降低,脾脏指数极显著提高,其中空腹血糖(FBG)比对照模型组小鼠下降20.38%,餐后血糖(PBG)下降39.07%;饲喂添加5%脱脂预蛹粉饲料的糖尿病模型小鼠,其控制血糖效果明显低于预蛹粉添加组。试验组糖尿病模型小鼠饲喂添加1%、5%和10%预蛹粉的饲料后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)均极显著低于对照模型组小鼠,分别降低了31.39%、45.89%和54.42%;5%和10%预蛹粉添加组模型小鼠的血清C肽极显著高于对照模型组小鼠,分别增加了18.97%和29.31%。试验结果显示,家蚕预蛹粉能有效控制糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖水平,并改善小鼠的基本生理状况和脏器指数,但总体效果略低于拜糖平添加组;脱脂后的家蚕预蛹粉的降血糖效果显著降低,提示其降血糖活性分子可能存在于脂溶性物质中。     

我国新发人畜共患传染病及其防控策略

近年来,各种生物学因素、自然因素以及社会因素加剧了新发人畜共患传染病的发生、传播与流行,给人类的健康带来了很大的威胁,也造成了很大的经济损失,同时,也导致了诸多的社会问题.面对新发人畜共患传染病的挑战,人类应重新认识人畜共患传染病对人类健康的危害和影响,提高警惕,采取切实有效的应对措施,预防和控制传染病的发生和流行.本文就新发人畜共患传染病对人类健康和生存的严重威胁、影响因素和预防控制对策进行了分析和探讨.     

Electrophysiologic differentiation of homozygous and heterozygous Abyssinian-crossbred cats with late-onset hereditary retinal degeneration

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to electrophysiologically differentiate heterozygous-carrier Abyssinian-crossbred cats from homozygous-affected Abyssinian-crossbred cats before clinical onset of inherited rod-cone retinal degeneration. ANIMALS: 14 back-crossed Abyssinian-crossbred cats of unknown genotype (homozygous or heterozygous) for inherited rod-cone retinal degeneration, 24 age-matched mixed-breed control cats, 6 age-matched heterozygous Abyssinian-crossbred cats, and 6 homozygous Abyssinian cats. PROCEDURE: Electroretinography (ERG) of heterozygous and homozygous cats revealed differences, especially for scotopic recordings. Frequent ophthalmoscopy and ERG (2 to 5 times; at intervals of 3 to 6 months) of back-crossed cats were performed. Amplitudes and implicit times were analyzed by use of a graphic representation of results. Ratios for amplitudes of the b-waves to amplitudes of the a-waves (b-wave:a-wave) were compared. RESULTS: 8 back-crossed cats had decreased a-wave amplitudes, increased b-wave implicit times, and abnormal ERG waveforms. Values for the b-wave:a-wave for the highest scotopic light intensity were significantly higher for those same 8 cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The 8 back-crossed Abyssinian-crossbred cats with abnormal results developed fundus changes over time consistent with disease. A graphic representation of ERG results can be used to differentiate between genotypes prior to funduscopic changes. Values for the b-wave:a-wave ratio provide confirmation. These ERG analyses may be applied clinically in the diagnosis of retinal degenerations in various species. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE: Cats with hereditary rod-cone degeneration may be a useful model for comparative studies in relation to retinitis pigmentosa in humans. Similar evaluations of ERG results could possibly be used for humans with suspected generalized retinal degeneration.     

氯甲基蛋氨酸对冷冻-束缚应激大鼠消化器官组织学结构的影响

为探讨氯甲基蛋氨酸对应激性胃溃疡的预防效果,制备了大鼠急性冷冻-束缚应激模型,通过观察冷冻-束缚应激所致大鼠消化系统器官的损伤性变化及氯甲基蛋氨酸对应激状态下大鼠消化器官组织结构的影响,判定氯甲基蛋氨酸对应激性胃溃疡的作用。结果表明,氯甲基蛋氨酸对大鼠冷冻-束缚应激性胃溃疡的消化系统器官具有明显的保护作用。     

探析命案现场勘查中应解决好的五个问题

剖析警犬侦破命案的成功案例,笔者发现带犬民警在命案现场的勘查工作至关重要。现场勘查工作仔细、有成效,警犬技术就能快速发挥作用;反之,警犬技术则无     

鸡传染性支气管炎实验室诊断方法研究进展

传染性支气管炎是鸡的一种重大传染病,临床上无典型的病变特征,诊断较为困难。现有的实验室检测方法有血清学、病原学和分子生物学方法,但该病病原变异复杂,血清型众多,交叉免疫性低,临床上又多采用活毒进行免疫,以至实验室无法对疫苗毒和野毒进行准确区分。为了更好地控制本病,有必要根据临床特点对目前各种检测鸡传染性支气管炎的方法及其优缺点进行分析,为临床寻找一种适合的快速准确的诊断方法、制定合理的免疫程序和发展新型的诊断方法提供参考。     

Increasing daily feeding occasions in restricted feeding strategies does not improve performance or well being of fattening pigs

Background

The natural feeding behaviour of the pig is searching for feed by rooting activities throughout the day; self-feeding pigs randomly space their eating and drinking periods throughout the day consuming ten to twelve meals per day. Pigs in conventional fattening pig production are normally fed 2–3 times daily with the feed consumed within 15 minutes. The aim of this study was to determine if more frequent feedings could improve the performance of conventionally kept fattening pigs.

Methods

The experiment was carried out on 360 fattening pigs (27–112 kg live weight), weighed and assigned to pens stratified by weight and sex. Each treatment group consisted of 180 pigs, allocated to 20 pens with nine pigs in each pen. To evaluate how more feeding occasions affects performance and well-being the pigs were divided into two groups and fed three (control group) or nine (treatment group) times daily. The same total amount of liquid feed was fed to each group and the feed ration was correlated to the live weight of the pigs. All weight and slaughter recordings were made individually and recordings of feed consumption were made pen-wise. At slaughter the stomach of each pig was examined for lesions in the pars oesophagea and scored on a scale from 1–6.

Results

Frequent feeding occasions influenced both performance and status of gastric lesions of the pigs adversely. Pigs in the treatment group grew slower compared to pigs in the control group; 697 g/day (± 6.76) versus 804 g/day (± 6.78) (P < 0.001) with no difference in within-pen variation. There was also a lower prevalence of gastric lesions within pigs in the control group (2.4 (± 0.12) compared to 3.0 (± 0.12) (P < 0.01)). There was a positive correlation between gastric lesions in the treatment group and daily weight gain (r = 0.19; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Increased daily feeding occasions among group housed pigs resulted in a poorer daily weight gain and increased mean gastric lesion score as compared with pigs fed three times daily. This may be a consequence of more frequently occurring competition for feed in the treatment group. The present study does not support increased daily feeding occasions in fattening pigs.     

不同水域中水葫芦对铅、镉、铬、汞的富集规律研究

试验主要研究不同水域的水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)对铅、镉、铬、汞的吸收规律。采集浙江金华、绍兴等地8处不同水域的水葫芦样品及水样,采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定该4种重金属含量。结果表明:水污染严重区域,水葫芦中重金属含量较高。被调查地区水中铅、镉含量显著高于铬及汞含量(P0.05)。水葫芦根中各重金属含量总体高于茎叶,茎叶中镉的含量显著低于铬的含量(P0.05),而根中镉含量也低于铬但差异不显著(P0.05)。在试验条件下,随着水中铅、镉含量的增加,根与茎叶中相应金属含量有上升趋势。     

水环境中噬菌蛭弧菌的分离鉴定

噬菌蛭弧菌为一类杆形、弧形或螺旋形的革兰阴性菌,可以寄生并裂解其他细菌。本试验以禽源大肠杆菌、沙门菌以及环境水体中分离的1株大肠杆菌为宿主菌,采用双层琼脂培养法成功地从环境水体中分离到3株噬菌蛭弧菌,分别命名为BDD、BDE、BDH。电镜观察证明菌体大小约0.33μm×0.78μm,单个弧形,一端有一根长鞭毛。基因序列分析表明,分离株与已发表的噬菌蛭弧菌属其他菌株16S rRNA基因序列的同源范围分别为96.0%~99.9%。通过对不同细菌的裂解试验证明,3个分离株对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、摩根摩根氏菌、变形杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌等均具有裂解作用,但对铜绿假单胞菌、鸭疫里默氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌不敏感。