不同栽培模式下青贮玉米的农艺性状

为探究不同的栽培模式对青贮玉米(Zea mays)农艺性状及产量形成的影响,选用新饲玉19号在(30+60)、(10+66)、(17+50)、(60+60)、(76+76)、(40+60)和(30+90)cm 7种行距栽培模式下对比研究。结果表明,(60+60)cm的栽培模式中青贮玉米株高、穗位高等农艺性状以及单株叶面积、倒四叶SPAD值和单株干鲜重均高于其他栽培模式,随着栽培行距的增加,青贮玉米冠层中下部透光率有所增加,(60+60)cm等行距栽培下青贮玉米冠层结构布局合理,生物量显著高于其他栽培模式(P=0.003)。不同的栽培模式中,随着行距的增加玉米农艺性状表现良好,(60+60)cm等行距栽培时有利于青贮玉米产量的形成。     

改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略

氮磷在奶牛生长、发育和生产过程中发挥着重要作用,但在实际生产中,饲粮氮磷含量往往过高,而奶牛对于氮磷的利用效率普遍偏低,这不仅会造成饲料资源的浪费,而且加重了氮磷的排放,导致严重的环境污染.合理减少饲粮氮磷含量、提高奶牛机体对氮磷的利用效率具有重要的现实意义.因此,本文主要从影响氮磷利用效率的因素,以及改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略2个方面进行了综述,以期为提高奶牛氮磷利用效率,减少氮磷向环境的排放,提高奶牛场经济和生态效益提供理论依据.     

蒙古绵羊早期胚胎泌尿及生殖器官的发生

E12～16d(意指胚胎发育到12～16d),在胚中轴形成期显示出原肾遗迹。E17～30d,中肾发育成长梭状,悬于背系膜两侧。E21～～30d,后肾芽由杆状变成椭圆形,在肾盂与集合管的周围被后肾组织包围。中肾管与后肾管先后通向尿囊基部。 E24d,胚长10mm,生殖腺发育成长梭状,突向体腔。胚长14mm,米勒氏管的原基呈皱襞状,发生于中肾前部两侧,并向后移位于中肾管外侧。 E21d,尿殖窦腹面开始分化出尿道沟,伸向生殖结节的顶部。E6～30d,生殖结节由丘状变成圆锥形。     

苹果采摘机器人果实识别与定位方法

提出了利用归一化的红绿色差(R-G)/(R+G)分割苹果的方法.对不同光照情况下拍摄的苹果图像进行了识别,并对识别后的图像进行预处理后,获得苹果的轮廓图像.对轮廓图像采用随机圆环法进行果实圆心、半径提取.通过建立基于面积特征与极线几何相结合的匹配策略实现双目视觉下的果实定位,对于搜索区域内面积相似的果实,通过计算垂直投影的互相关函数最大值的方法,得到排序基准线,然后根据顺序一致性原则进行匹配.实验结果表明:识别算法可以较好地消除阴影、裸露土壤等影响,识别率达到92%.采用随机圆环法,可以准确地提取果实的圆心、半径.在60～150 cm的距离范围内,测量误差小于2 cm.     

Breeding and cultivation techniques for a new yam variety "Guihuai 7"

[目的]选育出丰产性好、淀粉含量高、口感佳、适应性广的淮山药新品种,以满足多样化的淮山产品消费需求.[方法]2008年12月～2011年12月,根据淮山药属于无性繁殖作物的特点,采用系统选育的方法,将选育获得的优良单株分别在种质资源圃和大田种植,对其生长前期、中期、后期的植株进行观察.[结果]淮山药新品种桂淮7号丰产性好、淀粉含量高、营养丰富,且该品种适应性广、抗逆性强,于2012年3月28日通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定.[结论]桂淮7号作为粮食作物可在长江以南地区推广种植.     

Application of PCR-HRM in the study of relationship between leptin gene promoter polymorphisms and liver cirrhosis

AIM: To analyze the feasibility of PCR-high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM) for detecting the site mutations of C2549 and G2548 in leptin gene promoter from the patients with liver cirrhosis, and to explore the relevance between mutant genotypes and physiological and biochemical indexes in liver cirrhosis patients. METHODS: Compared with the method of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), the present research used the method of PCR-HRM to analyze the site mutations of C2549 and G2548 in leptin gene promoter in control group (n=100) and liver cirrhosis group (n=100). The physiological and biochemical indexes of the patients were also detected and compared. RESULTS: Leptin gene promoter polymorphism was detected using PCR-HRM with effectiveness, high flux and accuracy. Preliminary results showed that the main mutation of the patients with liver cirrhosis was in C2549 site, but not found in G2548 site. Leptin, free leptin index (FLI), fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance index estimated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) in liver cirrhosis group were higher than those in control group. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) in liver cirrhosis group were lower than those in control group with significant difference except leptin level. Meanwhile, FLI showed positively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR (r=0.45, r=0.53, P<0.05), and negatively with ISI (r=-0.34, P<0.05). In the patients with liver cirrhosis, C2549A heterozygous mutation was predominant. The indexes of HOMI-IR, leptin, sOB-R and FLI of C2549A homozygotes and heterozygotes were higher than those of the wildtypes, which showed significant difference except leptin and sOB-R levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PCR-HRM can be more accurate for identifying leptin promoter polymorphism. The increase in the frequency of C2549A mutation may be closely related with liver cirrhosis. Existence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may be correlated with leptin level in the patients with liver cirrhosis.     

夜蛾斯氏线虫对亚洲玉米螟防治的研究

应用液体发酵培养的夜蛾斯氏线虫(Steinernema feltiae)治亚洲玉米螟,当时间在36～54 h,线虫悬浮液浓度在60-80 Us/ml时,杀虫效果最好,可达到93.30%.在其他时闻和浓度下,死亡率虽然会有所增加,但综合效益会下降.     

Using leaf tip necrosis as a phenotypic marker to predict the presence of durable rust resistance gene pair <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr34</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">Yr18</Emphasis> in wheat

Fifty wheat varieties along with Jupateco-73 and Morocco were studied for the expression of leaf tip necrosis (LTN), a trait linked with the durable rust resistance gene pair Lr34/Yr18. LTN was frequent (i.e., ≥6) in nine replications of a field experiment over 3 years in 17 genotypes, and the varieties were considered positive for LTN. In molecular analyses of these varieties, having relative severity values up to 78 for yellow rust and 45 for leaf rust, the 150-bp Lr34/Yr18-linked allele was consistently amplified. Expression of LTN in six of nine replications is an appropriate threshold for predicting the presence of Lr34/Yr18 gene pair, and genotypes can be selected using this trait.     

广东紫珠栽培技术对药材产量的影响

采用随机区组、正交设计等开展不同密度、施肥与截干栽植等栽培技术试验,探讨主要栽培技术措施对广东紫珠药材产量的影响,以及调查比较不同种植环境、不同苗木来源、不同采收方式对广东紫珠生长与药材产量的影响,为其优质高产栽培技术规范的制定提供理论依据.结果表明:良好的土壤等环境因素是广东紫珠丰产的重要条件,合理密植和施肥是提高广...     

Rice <Emphasis Type="Italic">terpene synthase 18</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsTPS18</Emphasis>) encodes a sesquiterpene synthase that produces an antibacterial (<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-nerolidol against a bacterial pathogen of rice

Plant volatile compounds, including terpenes, are known to be involved in the rice defense system. In the present analysis of a terpene synthase, OsTPS18, in rice, we found that OsTPS18 was localized in the cytoplasm and synthesized the sesquiterpenes (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene. The amounts of (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene increased after jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. (E)-Nerolidol had significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These results suggest that (E)-nerolidol plays an important role in JA-induced resistance against Xoo and that it functions as an antibacterial compound in rice.