作物生态气候滑移相似离度分析及其应用--以河西走廊酿酒葡萄生态气候适生种植区划为例

作物生态气候滑移相似离度分析方法综合了生物气候滑移相似分析和相似离度分析的优点,使作物生态气候相似分析更为准确。以河西走廊酿酒葡萄生态气候适生种植区划为例对该方法进行了应用验证,发现它能较准确地反映不同酿酒葡萄适生种植区之间热量条件、灌溉条件等的生态气候差异。     

THE CORRELATION OF CANINE PATELLAR LUXATION AND THE ANTEVERSION ANGLE AS MEASURED USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES

Measurements from magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to examine the anteversion angle (AT-angle) and its influence on the lateromedial or mediolateral luxating forces on the patella. The AT-angle of the femoral neck was measured with the aid of MR imaging in 45 pelvic limbs without patellar instability, in 33 limbs with patellar luxation and in 6 limbs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. The limbs with medial patellar luxation were divided into three groups based on clinical examination. The mean (range) AT-angle was 7.6 degrees (0 degrees to 24 degrees) in the "normal" group, 8.6 degrees (-10 degrees to 29 degrees) in the group "grade II," and -0.4 degrees in the group "grade III" (-28 degrees to 12 degrees). A mean (range) AT-angle of 4.8 (-4 degrees to 11 degrees) was measured in the pelvic limbs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Compared to literature that described AT-angles based on radiographs of normal limbs, reduced AT-angles were found in this study due to different lines of measurement of the femoral neck. This study documents that the AT-angle of the femoral neck does not influence patellar instability. This study also demonstrates that MR images can be used to make exact measurements of the canine AT-angle that represent the true anatomy of the femoral neck.     

赤狐黑色素皮质激素受体-1基因结构特征预测及分子进化分析

为进一步分析黑色素皮质激素受体-1(melanocortin-1 receptor,MC1R)基因的分子特性,利用生物信息学方法对GenBank中已报道的赤狐MC1R基因完整编码区序列的碱基组成特点及其编码蛋白的结构特征进行了预测及分析,构建了12个物种MC1R蛋白的系统进化树。结果表明,赤狐MC1R基因编码区序列长度为954 bp,共编码317个氨基酸,为单一外显子,G+C含量高于A+T,编码的蛋白质是一种分子质量为34.8694 ku,等电点为9.13的亲水性稳定碱性蛋白;存在7个强跨膜区、7个广泛磷酸化位点和1个潜在的蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点(第157位的苏氨酸),α-螺旋为其主要二级结构元件;属于G蛋白偶联受体家族一员,包括多个潜在重要功能基序;同源性分析与分子进化树结果均表明,赤狐与北极狐、狗和貉的亲缘关系最近。     

两种砂梨果实香气成分分析及其相关基因PpAAT的克隆与表达分析

梨（Pyrus spp）是深受国内外消费者喜爱的水果,果实香气是果实品质的重要指标,也是吸引消费者和增强市场竞争力的主要因素之一。本文以砂梨品种‘二十世纪’及其芽变品种‘金二十世纪’为试材,研究了其果实不同发育时期香气成分的差异,克隆获得了梨果实香气成分合成相关的醇酰基转移酶基因（PpAAT）,分析了该基因在梨果实不同发育时期及不同部位中的时空表达规律,结果表明：‘二十世纪’绿熟期、商熟期和完熟期果实的主要香气成分均为己醛,‘金二十世纪’绿熟期果实的主要香气成分同样是己醛,但商熟期果实中己酸乙酯的含量迅速增加,成为主要香气成分,完熟期时含量进一步增加,高含量的酯类化合物可能是‘金二十世纪’具有浓郁香气的主要原因;随着果实的成熟,PpAAT基因在‘金二十世纪’果皮中的表达量呈逐渐下降的趋势,绿熟期表达量最高,商熟期表达量开始降低,完熟期表达量非常弱;PpAAT在果肉中的表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势,在商熟期果肉中表达量最高,绿熟期果肉中次之,完熟期果肉中的表达量最低。总体上,PpAAT基因在商熟期的表达量高于绿熟期和完熟期,在果皮中的表达量高于果肉。     

卷烟中126种农药在燃吸过程中的迁移行为

为了对卷烟烟气安全性评价及烟叶生产合理选择农药品种提供数据支撑,向3R4F 标准卷烟中添加126种农药混合标准溶液,采用色谱、色谱-串联质谱联用法测定卷烟燃吸后每种农药在主流烟气、侧流烟气、烟灰和烟蒂中的迁移量。结果表明：1）126种农药在烟灰中均无迁移,在主流烟气、侧流烟气和烟蒂中的平均迁移率为侧流烟气（10．81％）＞主流烟气（7．11％）＞烟蒂（5．04％）,平均总迁移率为22．96％。2）126种农药在主流烟气、侧流烟气、烟蒂中的平均迁移率以异狄氏剂最高,分别为31．67％、48．94％和17．32％;以溴氰菊酯最低,分别为0．04％、0．09％和0．03％。3）8类农药在主流烟气、侧流烟气、烟蒂中的平均迁移率,抑芽剂类分别为13．16％、21．74％和10．27％,有机氯杀虫剂、除草剂及拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂分别为8．67％～10．11％、15．72％～17．28％和5．65％～6．74％,有机磷杀虫剂和杀菌剂、杂环类杀虫剂、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂分别为1．70％～5．26％、1．90％～6．11％和1．22％～4．55％。结论：不同农药在卷烟燃吸过程中的迁移行为差异较大。     

Arachidic Acid in Extender Improves Post‐thaw Parameters of Cryopreserved Nili‐Ravi Buffalo Bull Semen

Cryopreservation process reduces lipids and phospholipids from buffalo bull spermatozoa. It was therefore hypothesized that supplementation of fatty acid to extender may improve the post‐thaw quality of buffalo semen. The objective was to evaluate the effect of arachidic acid supplementation in extender on post‐thaw quality of buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa. Semen was collected from three adult Nili‐Ravi buffalo bulls of similar age group with artificial vagina (42°C) for 3 weeks (replicate). Qualified semen ejaculates (n = 18) were split into four aliquots and diluted in tris–citric acid extender containing 0.0 (control), 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ng/ml at 37°C having approximately 50 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml. Diluted semen was cooled to 4°C in 2 h and equilibrated for 4 h at 4°C. Cooled semen was filled in 0.5‐ml straws at 4°C, kept on liquid nitrogen vapours for 10 min and plunged in liquid nitrogen for storage. Thawing of frozen semen was performed after 24 h at 37°C for 30 s. Sperm progressive motility (%) was improved in a dose‐dependent manner by supplementing arachidic acid at 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ng/ml compared with control. Structural and functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane (%), number of acrosome‐intact live sperm (%) and sperm chromatin integrity (%) were better (p < 0.05) in extender having 5.0 ng/ml of arachidic acid compared with control. At 10.0 ng/ml, these values did not vary (p > 0.05) from those at 5.0 ng/ml. Further improvement in structural and functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane, number of acrosome‐intact live sperm and chromatin integrity was observed at 20.0 ng/ml of arachidic acid in extender. In conclusion, arachidic acid supplementation in extender improved the post‐thaw quality parameters of cryopreserved Nili‐Ravi buffalo bull spermatozoa. Among the arachidic acid concentrations studied, maximum improvement in post‐thaw semen quality parameters was observed at 20.0 ng/ml.     

延迟首次投喂对乌江中华倒刺鲃仔鱼的补偿生长、消化酶活性及饵料日转化率的影响

为探究延迟首次投喂对乌江中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)仔鱼补偿生长、消化酶活性及饵料日转化率的影响,对肠道贯通后的仔鱼进行了不同饥饿天数(H0、H1、H3、H5、H7、H9、H11)后补偿投喂17 d的实验。结果显示,全长和体重的损失率随饥饿时间的延长而增加。补偿投喂后,全长补偿率在H9组以后明显下降,体重补偿率在各实验组间无明显差异。各组全长和体重的特定生长率都呈波动性变化趋势,且实验后期各实验组都大于正常组都存在显著性差异。全长、体重及特定生长率的变化表明该饥饿仔鱼补偿投喂后能完成部分补偿生长。饥饿处理中,淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶随饥饿时间都呈下降趋势,脂肪酶呈先上升后下降趋势,补偿投喂后,除了淀粉酶呈先上升后下降外,其余三种酶都呈上升趋势。各组在饥饿处理下消化酶活性在实验后期与正常组存在显著差异,再投喂后与正常组差异不显著。各组在再投喂后的饵料日转化率随补偿时间呈不规则上升,但都无法恢复到正常投喂水平。综上,延迟首次投喂对中华倒刺鲃仔鱼补偿生长、消化酶活性及饵料转化都存在不同程度的影响。     

小麦品质性状的分子改良

小麦是世界上最主要的粮食作物之一,世界各主产国对小麦品质性状开展了深入地研究。本文从影响小麦品质的主要方面,如小麦籽粒蛋白质数量和质量,小麦籽粒硬度,小麦面粉粉色,小麦籽粒淀粉品质,小麦收获前穗发芽等综述了当前转基因和分子标记辅助选择研究现状和研究进展,并对研究中存在的问题进行了讨论。