生物源农药宁南霉素对水稻立枯病的防治效果

为探明宁南霉素对水稻立枯病的防治效果,采用室内菌丝抑制法和生长速率法,用宁南霉素对水稻立枯病的优势菌尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌和腐霉菌进行了抑制率和毒力测定,并通过田间小区试验测定了宁南霉素对水稻立枯病的防治效果和秧苗素质的影响。结果表明,200倍的宁南霉素对3种病菌菌丝的抑制率最高,接种后第7d的平均抑制率分别为74．9％,65．9%和69．6％;EC5。为34．49～111．39mg／L;随着宁南霉素用量增加,对立枯病防效提高,以12．5～25g／m2效果较优;宁南霉素处理对水稻秧苗素质略有促进作用。     

外源脯氨酸对镍胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的影响

为探究外源脯氨酸对镍胁迫下小麦根系生长发育的影响,以小麦品种轮选988为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了不同浓度的脯氨酸对10μmol·L~(-1) Ni~(2+)胁迫下小麦幼苗株高和根系生长的影响。结果发现,镍胁迫严重抑制小麦生长;而外施脯氨酸对小麦幼苗的株高和根系生长的各项指标均有正向效应,以外施5mmol·L~(-1)脯氨酸的效果最好。与单独Ni~(2+)胁迫相比,外施5mmol·L~(-1)脯氨酸后,小麦幼苗根长、株高、根鲜重和根干重分别上升了24.8%、12.5%、16.0%和20.0%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别升高了54.30%、43.00%、13.08%、67.67%;超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)自由基、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量分别下降了56.65%、34.54%、32.35%;渗透调节物质游离脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖的含量均显著下降;根系活力上升了233.83%。外源脯氨酸可以显著提高小麦根的抗氧化能力,进而增强小麦的抗逆性,缓解镍对小麦根系的毒害作用。     

小麦线粒体与细胞质雄性不育关系的研究进展

细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)是小麦杂种优势利用的重要途径之一,大量研究表明CMS是线粒体基因与细胞核基因互作的结果。线粒体基因组是细胞质育性因子的载体,其突变和重组与CMS有直接关系。本文综述了线粒体基因组的结构特征及线粒体DNA多态性、线粒体基因转录、线粒体多肽差异和线粒体细胞学超微结构等几个方面与CMS的关系,并对小麦CMS分子机制进行探讨,以期为清晰揭示CMS形成的分子机制及最终对CMS三系杂交种选育和作物杂种优势利用提供参考。     

脑包净脑室内注射治疗羊脑包虫病效果观察

为了驱治羊脑包虫病，采用自制的“脑包净”注射液进行侧脑室和包囊内注射治疗。病羊４１ 只，治愈３１ 只，治愈率７５．６１％ ；其中侧脑室注射的治愈率８４．６２％ ，但需较长时间才痊愈；包囊内注射的治愈率７１．４３％ ，但痊愈较快，较彻底。脑内注射给药治疗羊脑包虫病较手术疗法施治面宽，无复发隐患，安全性好，操作简便；较其它途径给药疗法用药量少，疗效高，副作用小     

Changes in endothelial glycocalyx in ischemia-reperfusion injury and their relationship with microvascular permeability

AIM: To determine the role of the glycocalyx in microvascular permeability. METHODS: Dextran was intravenously injected and quatitatively examined in the rat transient cerebral ischemic model. At the same time, endothelial glycocalyx(anionic sites) was labelled with the probe cationic gold colloid(CGC) using post-embedding technique and examined with electron microscope. RESULTS: The labeling of CGC decreased significantly following ischemia, meanwhile, microvascular permeability to dextran increased. CONCLUSION:Endothelial glycocalyx is very sensitive to ischemia or anoxia. Its disruption may be the initiator of the dysfunction of endothelium and the determinant of increased permeability.     

Lower Extremity Amputation and Application of a Prosthetic Device in a 1-Month-Old Calf

During correction of a dystocia, a fracture occurred involving the right third and fourth metacarpus of a calf. Application of a plaster cast resulted in devitalization of the limb. The distal limb was amputated, and a prosthetic device capable of periodic lengthening was fitted. The calf was able to walk well 1 month following surgery.     

Proteins Associated With the Early Intrauterine Equine Conceptus

A critical period of early gestation in the mare involves the immobilization (fixation) of the encapsulated conceptus at around days 16–17. We compared the major proteins in the normal equine embryonic capsule and endometrial secretions around the period of fixation with those from pregnancies in the process of termination induced by administration of an analogue of prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α). Uterocalin and β₂-microglobulin (β₂M) associated with the embryonic capsule were proteolytically converted to smaller forms during the fixation period. These conversions were similar in conceptuses from control and treated mares. A 17 kDa cationic protein identified as a secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) type IIA was detected bound to normal capsules but increased substantially in response to PGF_2α. Two forms of uteroglobin were distinguished by partial amino acid sequences of ∼6 kDa bands in flush fluids from normal pregnant uteri. After administration of PGF_2α one immunoreactive form of uteroglobin was preferentially increased. These studies demonstrate that failure of pregnancy in this model is associated with an increase in secretory phospholipase in the capsule and a change in the forms of uteroglobin in the uterine secretions.     

西藏豆科牧草青贮饲料中耐低温优良乳酸菌的筛选

本研究对西藏地区豆科牧草青贮饲料中的乳酸菌进行分离、鉴定,以期得到优良的乳酸菌菌株。以苜蓿和箭筈豌豆青贮饲料为试验材料,共分离得到6株同型发酵乳酸菌,经传统微生物培养和16S rRNA序列分析,3株(LCG9,CG35和AG11)为戊糖片球菌,2株(LCG3和LAG1)为植物乳杆菌,1株(LA3)为弯曲乳杆菌;除AG11和LAG1在5℃,LCG9和AG11在pH 3.0和8.0生长微弱外,其余乳酸菌菌株均在5~20℃,pH 3.0~8.0及3.0%和6.5% NaCl培养液中生长良好。从耐低温特性、产酸能力和发酵速率3个指标考虑,植物乳杆菌LCG3最适宜用于西藏青贮饲料生产的乳酸菌菌种。     

土壤及叶面调控对核桃“叶缘焦枯病”的防控效果

[目的]为新疆核桃叶缘焦枯生理病害的防控提供依据.[方法]通过对叶面喷施生理调控剂、土壤调控、叶面喷生理调控剂+土壤调控、对照等4个处理的防控效果试验,研究不同防控处理对核桃病害发生程度、核桃商品性、叶片矿质元素含量和元素比例的影响.[结果]各防控处理对降低核桃病害发生程度、提高核桃商品性、减少叶片中离子失衡,具有显著效果.叶面喷生理调节剂+土壤调控处理的效果最好,可使叶片Na+含量降低18.8;、Ca2含量提高7.4;、Cl含量降低16.3;、Na/K比降低36.0;、Na/Ca比降低24.2;、Cl/N比降低19.4;;与对照相比,增产36.8;,黑缩果率减少70.1;,商品率提高36.4;,增加经济效益1 456元/667m2.叶面喷生理调节剂+土壤调控处理的防效为89.9;,叶面喷生理调节剂的防效为80.1;,土壤调控的防效为63.2;.[结论]叶面喷生理调节剂和土壤调控各处理可有效降低病叶发生率,减少焦枯病斑面积占比,降低病情指数;可显著提高核桃单产,减少黑缩果率,提高商品率;减少Na+和Cl向叶片富集,防止核桃叶片中矿质元素比例失衡,减轻“叶缘焦枯病”症状及危害.