栽培措施对藏药波棱瓜种子产量品质形成的影响

为研究不同栽培措施对藏药波棱瓜种子品质和产量的影响。设置不同催芽方法、不同播期、不同密度、不同施肥方案进行小区对比试验,分别以种子千粒重、单株产量、单位面积产量为指标对比分析。结果表明,ABT6号生根粉(GGR6)200mg·L^-1溶液和青霉素200mg·L^-1溶液浸种催芽可显著提高种子出苗率、种子千粒重及产量;5月播期的种子千粒重最高,6月播期的单位面积产量最高;EM益生菌肥和追施磷肥可显著提高种子千粒重和单位面积产量;不同措施所产波棱瓜子的检验均符合部颁藏药材标准。筛选出的催芽方法、播期、施肥方案对波棱瓜的人工栽培和种子生产有重要指导意义。     

鸭绿沙塘鳢繁殖习性的观察及性腺发育周期的组织学研究

周年调查了鸭绿沙塘鳢的繁殖习性,观察了其性腺发育的周年组织学变化.试验结果表明,鸭绿沙塘鳢Ⅰ龄性成熟,分批产卵,雄鱼护卵,繁殖旺季为4-6月,补充群体6月开始繁殖.1、2月雌雄鱼的比例为1 : 2,3月至繁殖季节急剧增至1 : 2～3,10-12月约1 : 1.1-5月雌鱼的成熟系数急剧增加,5-6月急剧下降,7月后上升后又逐渐下降.11月至翌年3月,雄鱼的成熟系数最低, 3-4月急剧上升,5-6月略有下降,7-9月又略上升后而降低.破膜后40 d为Ⅰ期精巢; 60～70 d为Ⅱ期,精原细胞呈束排列;约130 d发育至Ⅲ期;约230 d发育至Ⅳ期,精巢内除精原细胞、精母细胞外,还有少量直径3.15～4.20 μm的精子细胞;约360 d(翌年4-6月)为Ⅴ期,有少量长径为2.10 μm的精子.7月Ⅵ期的壶腹内,部分精子排出,但仍有大量残留.破膜后53 d雌鱼的卵巢为Ⅰ期,卵原细胞直径9.1～10.1 μm,同步发育;150 d发育至Ⅱ期,卵母细胞直径83.3～124.3 μm,细胞核直径71.0～97.2 μm,细胞质嗜碱性,核膜内侧有多个核仁,卵母细胞外有一层滤泡细胞,放射膜不明显.约220 d发育至不同步的Ⅲ期,有Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的卵细胞,滤泡膜和放射膜明显.约280 d(翌年3月)卵巢发育至第Ⅳ期,初级卵母细胞体积增大,充满卵黄颗粒,辐射带增厚.滤泡膜、放射膜和细胞膜厚度分别为7.8、13.0、13.2 μm.约370 d(4-5月)发育至Ⅴ期.雌、雄鱼分别以Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期性腺越冬.     

几种适合兰州地区湿地及庭院中应用的优良水生植物

对引入兰州地区栽檀应用的6种湿地植物品种和筛选的5种本地具有较高观赏价值的野生品种的生态习性及繁殖技术进行了试验研究,旨在为本地水生植物应用提供科学依据和参考.     

The Impact of Reproductive Technologies on Stallion Mitochondrial Function

The traditional assessment of stallion sperm comprises evaluation of sperm motility and membrane integrity and identification of abnormal morphology of the spermatozoa. More recently, the progressive introduction of flow cytometry is increasing the number of tests available. However, compared with other sperm structures and functions, the evaluation of mitochondria has received less attention in stallion andrology. Recent research indicates that sperm mitochondria are key structures in sperm function suffering major changes during biotechnological procedures such as cryopreservation. In this paper, mitochondrial structure and function will be reviewed in the stallion, when possible specific stallion studies will be discussed, and general findings on mammalian mitochondrial function will be argued when relevant. Especial emphasis will be put on their role as source of reactive oxygen species and in their role regulating sperm lifespan, a possible target to investigate with the aim to improve the quality of frozen–thawed stallion sperm. Later on, the impact of current sperm technologies, principally cryopreservation, on mitochondrial function will be discussed pointing out novel areas of research interest with high potential to improve current sperm technologies.     

Refractometric total plasma protein measurement as a cage‐side indicator of hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia in hospitalized dogs

Objective – To assess the relationship between total plasma protein (TPP) as measured by refractometry and serum hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia in hospitalized dogs. Design – Retrospective, observational study conducted over 6‐month period between March and August 2008. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals – Four hundred and three hospitalized dogs in an ICU. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – TPP, serum albumin, total protein, glucose, urea, cholesterol was measured from dogs enrolled in study. TPP was evaluated as a predictor for hypoalbuminemia defined both as albumin <25 g/L (<2.5 g/dL) and albumin <20 g/L (<2.0 g/dL), and serum hypoproteinemia, defined as serum total protein <40 g/L (<4.0 g/dL), using logistic regression. Impact of glucose, urea, cholesterol, and total bilirubin on refractometric readings were also assessed. TPP predicted hypoalbuminemia at albumin concentrations of <25 g/L (<2.5 g/dL) and <20 g/L (<2.0 g/dL) (P<0.001). A TPP<60 g/L (<6.0 g/dL) predicted albumin <25 g/L (<2.5 g/dL) with 73% sensitivity and 86% specificity. A TPP<58 g/L (<5.8 g/dL) predicted a serum albumin <20 g/L (<2.0 g/dL) with 70% sensitivity and 80% specificity. For dogs with known risk factors where specificity optimization may be appropriate, refractometer TPP<50 g/L (<5.0 g/dL) and <48 g/L (<4.8 g/dL) predicted hypoalbuminemia at each level with >95% specificity, although sensitivity was poor. Refractometer TPP<58 g/L (<5.8 g/dL) predicted serum total protein of <40 g/L (<40 g/dL) with sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 84%. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia significantly affected TPP readings; an increase in serum glucose by 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) was associated with an average independent increase in refractometer TPP of 2.27 g/L (0.23 g/dL) (P<0.001, 95% confidence interval=1.08–3.47) and an increase in serum cholesterol of 1 mmol/L (38.6 mg/dL) was associated with an average independent increase in refractometer TPP of 1.36 g/L (0.14 g/dL) (P<0.001, 95% confidence interval=1.12–1.59). Conclusion – Suboptimal sensitivity limits the use of refractometric TPP for prediction of hypoalbuminemia in the context of patient screening; a high proportion of false negatives may result. However, identification of a refractometric TPP<58 g/L is strongly indicative of both serum hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia, with high specificity, and warrants further investigation. Refractometric readings may be falsely increased in patients with hyperglycemia or hypercholesterolemia.     

安格斯牛与西藏犏牛杂交生产肉牛试验初报

[目的]犏牛可以生活在海拔2 800~4 200 m,对高寒缺氧的生态环境具有很强的适应能力,是“世界屋脊”的著名牛种,为了提高西藏犏牛资源的综合利用,其后代变废为宝。[方法]在试验区选择200头经产母犏牛通过引进安格斯牛的细管冻精,依靠人工授精技术,应用种间三元杂交技术生产优质商品肉牛试验,测定初生、3月龄的体重、体尺指标,观察高寒气候的适应性。[结果]结果显示:参配母犏牛200头,实配160头,其中104头母犏牛怀孕受胎,98头顺利产犊。实配率80%,人工授精受胎率65%,成活率94.23%。犏牛平均妊娠期(266.81±11.93) d。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的出生体尺、体重与传统杂交犊牛(多勒)相比,平均体重增加8.95 kg,提高73.23;体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛(多勒)增加7.491 cm,1.394 cm,8.998 cm,0.063 cm,提高了13.94%,2.56%,15.70%,0.068%。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的3月龄与传统杂交犊牛(多勒)相比,平均体重增加43.3 kg,提高168.89;体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛(多勒)增加15.67 cm,16.95 cm,26.31 cm,1.64 cm,提高23.27%,24.76%,34.31%,15.83%。[结论]弥补了犏牛传统杂交后代普遍存在的体躯发育差、生长发育慢等缺陷,且很好地适应西藏高寒生态环境和管理条件,杂种优势十分明显,因此安格斯牛可作为高原环境下繁殖犏牛生产肉牛的理想父本品种使用,并拥有开发高端产品的巨大潜力。     

基于Sentinel-2卫星数据的灌区农田土壤水盐协同反演

土壤含水量（soil water content, SWC）和土壤含盐量（soil salt content, SSC）是影响作物生长和农业生产力的重要因素。光学卫星图像已成为SWC和SSC估计的主要数据源。然而,在SWC或SSC变化较大地区,土壤水分和盐分会影响对方对光谱反射率的响应,使得SSC和SWC的反演精度较差。对此,该研究提出了一个半解析性的反射率模型—RVS模型,来模拟植被光谱反射率（R_v）对作物根区土壤含水量和含盐量的响应;并通过构建的RVS模型,对植被覆盖区域的土壤含水量和土壤含盐量进行同步监测。研究表明：RVS模型在反演研究区土壤含盐量和含水量时,精度较为可靠(水分：决定系数R²为0.63～0.74,均方根误差为0.017～0.028;盐分：决定系数R²为0.68～0.75,均方根误差为0.0525～0.0617)。在作物生长过程中,植被光谱反射率对深层土壤的含水量和含盐量的响应比对浅层土壤的含水量和含盐量的响应更加明显,而且随着作物的生长,影响光谱反射率的主导因素从土壤水分慢慢转向土壤盐分和水盐相互作用。该研究在一定程度上揭示了土壤水分、盐分、水盐交互作用对作物光谱反射率的干扰过程,实现土壤水分和盐分的同步监测,对实现区域尺度上土壤含盐量和含水量的精准监测具有一定的意义。