Serum apelin and chemerin levels in female obese children and their correlation with insulin resistance

AIM: To investigate the serum levels of apelin and chemerin in female obese children and their correlation with insulin resistance (IR).METHODS: Thirty-five female children participated in the study, 20 of which were obese and 15 were non-obese controls ,without statistical difference in age between the 2 groups. Serum levels of apelin and chemerin were measured by ELISA method. The concentrations of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose and fasting insulin (FINS) were measured. Body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated for all participants. RESULTS: A significant difference of BMI between obese group and control group (24.02±3.90 vs 16.46±1.93, P<0.01) was observed. Serum levels of TG, LDL-C, FINS, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in obese group than those in control group (allP<0.05). Serum levels of apelin and chemerin were also significantly higher in obese children than those in the controls . Serum level of apelin was positively correlated with BMI-SDS (r=0.356, P<0.05), TG (r=0.548, P<0.01), FINS (r=0.541, P<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r=0.551, P<0.01) in all individuals. The negative correlation between serum chemerin level and age (r=-0.362, P< 0.05), and positive correlations between serum chemerin level and BMI-SDS (r= 0.315, P<0.01), TG (r= 0.28, P<0.05), FINS (r= 0.38, P<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r= 0.41, P< 0.01) were detected.CONCLUSION: Increased serum apelin and chemerin levels are correlated with insulin resistance, indicating their roles in the pathogenesis of children obese.     

Magnetic Resonance Measurements of the Deviation of the Angle of Force Generated by Contraction of the Quadriceps Muscle in Dogs with Congenital Patellar Luxation

OBJECTIVE: To measure the quadriceps angle (Q-angle) in dogs with congenital patellar luxation using magnetic resonance (MR) methods. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Thirty-eight client-owned dogs. METHODS: Thirty-eight dogs were examined and placed into the following groups based on the degree of patellar instability: normal, grade I, grade II, and grade III. MR images of 37 pelvic limbs without patellar instability, 33 pelvic limbs with patellar luxation, and 6 limbs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture were made. The Q-angle was calculated using trigonometric methods based on MR images. Limbs with patellar luxation were compared with normal stifles and stifle with other disorders. RESULTS: The average Q-angle of the normal group was 10.5 degrees (24.9 degrees to -2.0 degrees ). The grade I group had an average Q-angle of 12.2 degrees (28.8 degrees to 2 degrees ), the grade II group 24.3 degrees (44.6 degrees to 7.7 degrees ), and the grade III group 36.6 degrees (51.4 degrees to 15.6 degrees ). The average Q-angle of limbs with an isolated CrCL rupture was 19.3 degrees (34.7 degrees to 3.9 degrees ). CONCLUSION: MR images can be used to make exact calculations of the Q-angle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MR images can be used to quantify the degree of patellar luxation.     

新疆石河子地区气候变化特征分析

利用1953—2007年的气温、降水资料分析了新疆石河子地区冷暖干湿气候特征的演变规律和突变情况。结果表明:近55 a来石河子地区的气温在20世纪80年代中后期持续升高,90年代以后明显变暖,其中春、冬季升温幅度较大;70年代降水最少,80年代后各季降水持续增加,21世纪后降水增加趋势更加明显。受降水的影响,干燥度经历了一个"偏湿—偏干—偏湿"的变化过程。在西北变暖湿背景下,石河子地区的气温和降水突变都比较明显。各季气温突变比较一致,主要集中在20世纪80年代和90年代;各季降水突变时段不尽相同,在60年代、70年代和80年代都有突变发生;干燥度在60年代和70年代经历了一次变干突变和一次变湿突变。     

不同饲喂水平对20~35 kg多胎萨福克羊母羊消化代谢及血清指标的影响

【目的】 研究不同饲喂水平对20~35 kg多胎萨福克羊母羊消化代谢及血清指标的影响,为肉羊科学养殖提供数据参考。【方法】 选取断奶后3月龄健康纯种多胎萨福克羊母羊15只(18.68±1.42)kg,随机分配成3个组,分别为AL组、IR70组、IR40组,每组5只羊,当试验羊AL组体重分别达到28和35 kg时,进行两期消化代谢试验。日粮参照《NY/T816-2004肉羊饲养标准》日增质量300 g/d的营养需要配制,采用饲养与消化代谢试验结合的方法,研究不同饲喂水平对20~35 kg多胎萨福克羊母羊消化代谢及血清指标的影响。【结果】 (1)饲喂水平对多胎萨福克羊母羊DM、NDF、ADF采食量有显著影响(P<0.05),DM、NDF、ADF采食量规律一致,均为AL组>IR70组>IR40组的规律,且3组之间差异显著(P<0.05);试验羊1期的DM、NDF、ADF表观消化率在3组之间差异显著(P<0.05);饲喂水平对试验羊2期DM、NDF、ADF表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)随着饲喂水平的升高,试验羊氮采食量、粪氮、尿氮、消化氮显著升高(P<0.05);氮表观消化率IR40组与其它两组差异显著(P<0.05);不同饲喂水平组对试验羊1期沉积氮/食入氮、沉积氮/消化氮有显著影响(P<0.05),试验羊2期不同饲喂水平组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)ALT、AST、GLU、TC及TG在不同饲喂水平组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),除了ALT均为IR70组最低外,其他指标均为IR40组最低;GLU血糖随饲喂水平的升高而升高。【结论】 (1)随着饲喂水平的增加,20~35 kg多胎萨福克羊母羊的DM、NDF、ADF采食量显著增加;在自由采食的状态下,多胎萨福克羊母羊体重达35 kg时,DM采食量可达到1 947.35 g/d。(2)随着饲喂水平的升高,显著提高了20~35 kg多胎萨福克羊母羊氮采食量,限饲对氮的表观消化率有显著影响,但对生长后期35 kg多胎萨福克羊母羊沉积氮/食入氮、沉积氮/消化氮无显著影响。(3)不同的饲喂水平对20~35 kg多胎萨福克羊母羊血清指标有不同程度的影响。限饲会降低血糖浓度。     

PK-15细胞敲除TANK结合激酶1基因促进猪伪狂犬病病毒复制的研究

TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)是病毒感染时IRF3、IRF7磷酸化及Ⅰ型干扰素表达的关键酶,在抗病毒天然免疫应答和获得性免疫应答中发挥重要作用。为研究TBK1基因敲除对猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)复制的影响,首先利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建猪TBK1基因稳定敲除PK-15细胞系,并利用CCK-8检测敲除TBK1对PK-15细胞活力的影响。然后利用流式细胞术检测PRV-GFP荧光强度,用RT-qPCR检测PRV-gB、PRV-gE、PRV-TK、IL-1β、IFN-β和ISG15的转录水平,用Westernblot检测PRV-gB和PRV-gE蛋白表达水平,以及通过滴度测定检测子代病毒的感染力,综合评价TBK1基因稳定敲除PK-15细胞对PRV病毒复制的影响。结果显示:T7E1检测结果显示TBK1基因外显子2区的3个sgRNA靶位点均切出了目的条带,选取编辑效率最高的TBK1-sgRNA1细胞系进行单克隆化培养,获取6株稳定敲除TBK1基因的单克隆细胞,随机选取4号细胞株进行CCK-8检测,结果显示敲除TBK1对PK-15细胞活力无影响。流式检测结果显示PRV-GFP感染阳性细胞占总PK-15细胞的56.89%,PRV-GFP感染阳性细胞占总PK-15-TBK1-/-细胞的77.95%,表明PK-15-TBK1-/-细胞可以促进PRV-GFP复制。RT-qPCR及WB检测显示该细胞系可以促进PRVmRNA转录和蛋白表达。滴度测定结果显示,PRV-QXX在PK-15细胞复制后TCID50为10^6.8TCID50·0.1mL^-1,而在PK-15-TBK1-/-细胞中复制后TCID50为10^8.5TCID50·0.1mL^-1。另外,RT-qPCR结果显示该细胞系可以抑制PRV感染引起的IL-1β、IFN-β和ISG15转录上调。以上结果表明TBK1基因敲除PK-15细胞系促进PRV复制,可能与IL-1β、IFN-β和ISG15转录水平抑制有关。     

免疫压力下猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的变异

为了解连续免疫压力下猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的变异规律,以及为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病的防控提供科学依据,以贵州分离株 PRRSV AS 为研究对象,监测分析了 PRRSV 接种免疫猪群后其主要基因变异情况。结果表明：1）接种 PRRSV 后,免疫猪只未发生死亡现象,但出现轻微的临床表现和病理变化,且能在病变组织中分离到 PRRSV,并扩增出与预期大小相一致的 Nsp2和 GP5基因条带;2）对Nsp2基因,两次分离物 PRRSV AS-a、PRRSV AS-b 与原始病毒 PRRSV AS 的遗传距离相应为0．018和0．064,呈加速渐远趋势;PRRSV AS-a 发生16处点突变,其中9处为非同义突变,7处为同义突变;PRRSV AS-b 发生25处点突变,其中非同义突变12处,同义突变13处;从 PRRSV AS 向 PRRSV AS-a 到PRRSV AS-b 演变过程中,Nsp2基因编码蛋白第285～293位抗原指数发生不同程度改变,且演变趋势呈正向选择作用;3）对 GP5基因,两次分离物 PRRSV AS-a、PRRSV AS-b 与原始病毒 PRRSV AS 的遗传距离相应为0．004和0．015,变异趋势不明显;PRRSV AS-a 发生2处点突变,非同义突变和同义突变各1处;PRRSV AS-b 发生3处点突变,其中非同义突变2处,同义突变1处;从 PRRSV AS 向 PRRSV AS-a 到PRRSV AS-b 演变过程中,GP5基因编码蛋白重要抗原表位未发生改变,但其演变呈正向选择作用。说明,在连续免疫压力下 PRRSV 容易发生变异。     

THE TECHNIQUE OF PERCUTANEOUS ULTRASOUND GUIDED FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY AND AUTOMATED MICROCORE BIOPSY IN SMALL ANIMAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES

Techniques for obtaining percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract were evaluated. The efficacity of ultrasonographic detection of gastrointestinal lesions has been established in veterinary medicine. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsies were performed using either a 22 gauge spinal needle or a 20 gauge Westcott needle. The microcore automated biopsy was performed using a 18 gauge Tru-cut-like needle, assisted by an automated biopsy gun. These techniques are rapid, and easily performed. The techniques were considered safe for the patient, no complications such as hemorrhage, peritonitis or abscessation have occured in our study. These techniques are of particular interest when lesion can not be biopsied successfully by endoscopy and when surgical resection is not recommended.     

试论临泽县的沙漠治理与开发利用

针对临泽县严重的土地沙化问题,通过对全县沙漠分布现状和土地沙化形成原因及沙漠治理现状、治理过程存在的问题进行分析,提出了机械固沙、生物复合模式治沙的治理措施,并对沙漠开发利用进行了阐述。     

西藏地区荞麦与玉米混合青贮对发酵品质和微生物多样性的影响

为探究西藏林芝市全株荞麦与全株玉米混合青贮对青贮饲料发酵品质和微生物多样性的影响,分别设定全株荞麦单独青贮组(A)、全株荞麦∶全株玉米=4∶1混合青贮组(B)、全株荞麦∶全株玉米=3∶2混合青贮组(C)、全株荞麦∶全株玉米=2∶3混合青贮组(D)和全株荞麦∶全株玉米=1∶4混合青贮组(E)共5个处理组。分别在青贮第7、14、30和60天时,开窖取样,测定青贮饲料的发酵品质和微生物菌群结构。结果表明,与全株荞麦单独青贮组相比,全株荞麦与全株玉米混合青贮组在一定程度上改变了青贮的发酵品质,混合青贮组降低了青贮饲料的pH值,提高了乳酸含量,且氨态氮/总氮的值和丁酸含量均符合优质青贮饲料的要求量。从微生物菌群结构来看,混合青贮改变了青贮饲料的菌群结构,相比与全株荞麦单独青贮组,混合青贮组提高了厚壁菌门和LAB菌种的丰度,有效地抑制了腐败菌的生长,且这种效果随着全株玉米混合比例越高而越显著。综合考虑全株荞麦利用最大化和发酵品质,建议将全株荞麦和全株玉米以2∶3混合青贮较为适宜。