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31.
Scots pine stand establishment with special emphasis on uncertainty and cost-effectiveness,the case of northern Finland 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The effect of uncertainty on the cost-effectiveness of alternative chains of stand establishment in northern Finland was examined.
The data were from a reforestation study of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) consisting of 288 sample plots, which were measured with respect to regeneration success. The study design included four
site-preparation methods (patch scarification, ploughing, prescribed burning and disk trenching) combined with three reforestation
methods (sowing, planting with containerized seedlings and planting with bare-rooted transplants). Initial reforestation density
was 2,500 spots or seedlings per hectare, and the regeneration success was modeled as probability with two thresholds, namely
500 and 1,100 saplings. On formerly spruce-dominated as well as pine-dominated sites the most cost-effective chain was ploughing
and planting with containerized seedlings, when threshold was 1,100 saplings per hectare. However, with threshold of 500 saplings
the best performer was ploughing and direct sowing on both sites. 相似文献
32.
33.
Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a goat herd that participated in a sanitation program against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the development of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and antibody responses as well as the occurrence of faecal shedding. Faecal culture appeared surprisingly sensitive as about 18% and 40% of the goats were positive at 9 and 15-17 months of age, respectively, and shedding was often seen prior to peripheral immune responses. Peripheral IFN-γ responses were not related to protection as clinical and high shedding goats often had high responses. An IFN-γ response usually preceded a humoral response. However, positive antibody titers could sometimes be seen simultaneously with, and even prior to, IFN-γ responses. In conclusion, faecal culture appeared as sensitive as IFN-γ testing. Furthermore, the antibody ELISA and the IFN-γ assay may perform equally well in an infected herd if surveillance is conducted annually. 相似文献
34.
35.
Henna Pihlajaniemi Mirja Siuruainen Pasi Rautio Kari Laine Sirkka-Liisa Peteri Satu Huttunen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):275-286
Abstract Five old shrub rose taxa were studied in field experiments in northern Finland during the years 1993–1999. The plant material was micro-propagated from woody plants selected for their ornamental value and hardiness for northern areas of Finland. The observations in the experiments were based on phenological monitoring and survey of plant success. The results revealed significant differences in the success of the different rose genotypes, and the most valuable genotypes were identified. Micropropagation was successfully used as a propagation method and these in vitro propagated roses grew naturally under harsh field conditions. The Rosa ‘Tornedal’ origins, R. ‘Poppius’ and R. ‘Sipi’ were ranked the most suitable cultivars for northern landscaping. Overall, all of the studied roses succeeded fairly well. 相似文献
36.
A total of 147 dogs and 85 cats was surveyed for faecal carriage of thermophilic Campylobacters. Isolates were obtained from 33 (22.4 %) of the dogs and from 10 (11.8 %) of the cats investigated. The isolation rates recorded for diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs and cats were not significantly different. Likewise, Campylobacters were isolated with about equal frequencies from puppies and mature dogs as well as from bitches and male dogs. Nineteen canine and 7 feline strains were biotyped and serotyped. A large majority (88.5 %) of these 26 strains belonged to serotypes previously recovered from human G. coli and C. laridis constituted 7.7 % and 3.8 %, respectively. Three strains belonged to serotypes previously recovered from human patients in Norway. 相似文献
37.
David J. Eldridge Samantha K. Travers James Val Adriana Zaja Kari E. Veblen 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(3):467-473
Feral (wild) horses present significant challenges for landscape managers. A major effect of horses is trampling, which erodes soil and alters vegetation cover, which is often critical habitat for threatened animals. We examined the direct and indirect impacts of horses, kangaroos, and rabbits on the broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus), a threatened rodent in subalpine grasslands in Kosciusko National Park, which contains a large wild horse population. Our objective was to examine the relationship between the activity of different herbivores and 1) structural attributes of the vegetation (cover and density of different plant groups) and 2) length of broad-toothed rat runways and the presence of scat along these runways as proxies of broad-toothed rat activity. We assessed herbivore activity and measured vegetation cover, structure, and richness and total length of runways used by broad-toothed rats as a measure of activity. We used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that horse activity would lead to reductions in rat habitat directly, by increasing disturbance, and indirectly, by altering vegetation structure. Quadrats showing no evidence of horse activity had longer broad-toothed rat runways, taller but fewer grasses, double the shrub cover, and lower plant richness than quadrats showing evidence of horse activity. Structural equation modeling showed that there were no significant direct associations between horse activity and rat activity. However, increasing horse activity was associated with an indirect negative effect on broad-toothed rat activity by suppressing the positive relationship between grass height and rat activity. There were no significant effects of rabbits on any environmental variables, and kangaroo grazing was associated with an increase in shrub cover only. Disturbance by horses likely alters vegetation structure, by reducing grass height, making it less suitable for broad-toothed rats, thereby reducing their populations. Horses should be restricted from accessing critical broad-toothed rat habitat. 相似文献
38.
Kinetic and kinematic follow‐up gait analysis in Doberman Pinschers with cervical spondylomyelopathy treated medically and surgically
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39.
KariTuomela 《林业研究》1997,(1)
INTRODUCTIONEllca{opIusmicrolhccaF.MucII.(coolibal1)l1asawidegeographicrangemainly``-itl1intl1caridandscl11i-aridzonesofAustralia(Bola11dctal.l984).Tl1erangcoflatitlldeisl4-33Su-itl1analtitudinalrangeofJustabovesealeveIto7oom.Tl1crcislcssvariationincli-ma… 相似文献
40.
Yuri Gerasimov Victor Senkin Kari Väätäinen 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(3):647-654
A field-based study was carried out to broaden our knowledge of fully mechanized cut-to-length harvesting productivity in
naturally grown forests in the northern European part of Russia (NEPR). The recorded data comprised 38 midsized single-grip
harvesters (JD 1270D) in clear-cutting operations in the Karelia, Komi, Vologda, Leningrad, Tver, and Kirov regions in NEPR,
4.3 million felled trees, and 1.4 million m3 u.b. (under bark) of processed timber. Harvesting operations were conducted in forest stands composed of spruce (48% on average),
pine (19%), birch (22%), and aspen (11%), with an average stem volume 0.31 m3 u.b. The cut-to-length harvesters produced from 4.3 to 14.9 m3 u.b./productive machine hour (PMH) and 16.0–49.5 m3 u.b./stem processing machine hour (S
proc
MH). A machine evaluation analysis and a regression analysis were used to formulate models for predicting cutting productivity
of modern single-grip harvester. The regression models were developed to estimate the productivity of the harvesters in the
regions taking into account two significant factors influencing the productivity: the stem volume and tree species of the
felled trees. Productivity/cubic meter u.b. of processed timber/PMH was calculated according to stem volume and tree species distributions in most forest-covered NEPR regions. Further research
is suggested to improve the developed productivity models and to allow prediction of system performance over a broad range
of stand and site conditions. 相似文献