Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive performance and blood biochemical profile in lactating Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) buffaloes

The study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of bypass fat on productive performance and blood biochemical profile of lactating Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Fifteen multiparous buffaloes (2-4 lactation) of early to mid lactation were divided in three homogenous groups T(1) (control), T(2), and T(3) of five each. The animals in T(1) were fed with a basal diet consisting of a concentrate mixture, green sorghum, and wheat straw as per requirements, while the animals in group T(2) and T(3) were fed with same ration supplemented with 0.7 % (100?g/day) and 1.4 % (200?g/day) bypass fat (on dry matter intake (DMI) basis), respectively. The feed intake, milk yield, and milk composition were not influenced by supplemental bypass fat. However, fat-corrected milk (6.5 %) yield was higher (P?相似文献   

Challenging the larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> and assessing the immune responses to nematode-bacterium complex

Helicoverpa armigera is a strong insecticidal resistance developed insect pest. The understanding of its innate immune responses to emerging biocontrol agent entomopathogenic nematode-bacterial complex can provide an opportunity to control this insect in an environmentally benign manner. Study was focused on role of hemocytes changes and PO activity in Steinernema abbasi-Xenorhabdus indica challenged larvae of H. armigera over the time. Total cell count changed effectively from 10.2?±?1.81?×?10⁵ to 15.5?±?3.3?×?10⁵ cells/mm³ upto 9 h and reduced distinctly up to 8.0?±?2.49?×?10⁵ cells/ mm³ in 24 h. PO activity inclined significantly and was recorded highest at 9 h (24.67?±?1.08?×?10² units) and lowest at 24 h (14.34?±?0.74?×?10² units) in total hemolymph with a similar pattern in plasma and the cellular fraction. Phenoloxidase activity in total and cellular component of hemolymph was positively correlated with prohemocytes, granulocytes and oenocytoids. Study showed the hemocytes and PO accounted as active immune responses against nematode infection. The results provide the first insight to understand the hemolytic activity, quick immunosuppression responses of S. abbasi-X. indica and vulnerability of H. armigera.     

Role of compost biochar amendment on the (im)mobilization of cadmium and zinc for Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) from contaminated soil

Journal of Soils and Sediments - This study aims to assess the effect of amendment of an alkaline Zn, Cd-contaminated soil with compost of wheat straw biochar (CB) (4, 8, 12, and 18%) and sludge...     

In-vivo therapeutic efficacy trial with artemisinin derivative, buparvaquone and imidocarb dipropionate against Babesia equi infection in donkeys

The therapeutic efficacy of imidocarb, artesunate, arteether, buparvaquone and arteether+buparvaquone combination was evaluated against Babesia equi of Indian origin in splenectomised donkeys with experimentally induced acute infection. Efficacies of these drugs were tested by administering each drug or drug combination to groups of donkeys (having three donkeys each group). One group of donkey was kept as untreated control for comparing the results. Parasitaemia, haematology (WBC, RBC, PCV, granulocytes and haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (SAST, SALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin/globulin ratio) were monitored at regular intervals. Individually, arteether and buparvaquone were found to have no parasite clearing efficacy and the treated animals died within 5-6 days after showing high parasitaemia and clinical symptoms of the disease. However, artesunate treated animals were able to restrict the parasite multiplication but only during the treatment period. Animals treated with imidocarb and arteether+buparvaquone combination were able to clear the parasite from the blood circulation after 2-5 days post-treatment (PT). After 55-58 days PT, recrudescence of B. equi parasite was observed in both these groups and a mean survival period of 66 days and 69 days, respectively, was recorded in these groups. Results of haemato-biochemical parameters had shown that imidocarb had deleterious effect on the liver function while on the other hand arteether+buparvaquone combination was found to be safe. This limited study indicates that arteether+buparvaquone combination could be a better choice than imidocarb for treating B. equi infection, but further trials are required in detail.     

Studies on anti-diarrhoeal activity of Ficus hispida. Leaf extract in rats

Methanol extract of Ficus hispida L. showed significant inhibitory activity against castor oil-induced diarrhoea and PGE(2)-induced enteropooling in rats. It also showed a significant reduction in gastro-intestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The results obtained establish the F. hispida leaf extract as an anti-diarrhoeal agent.     

Effects of shade on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and growth of crops and tree seedlings in Central India

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different light intensities (25, 50, 67, and 100% of full sun [open]) on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization and growth of two intercrops (a rainy season crop, Phaseolus mungo Roxb. var. PU-35 and a winter crop, Triticum aestivum L. var. WH-147) and seedlings of two multipurpose tree species (Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. [Clone C-7, ITC, Bhadrachalam] and Albizia procera Benth.) of Central India. The results showed that various plant growth parameters viz., shoot length, dry weight and phosphorus (P) uptake were adversely affected by low light intensity. Inoculations with AM fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe, Glomus intraradix Schenck & Smith and an unidentified Glomus species) increased the plant growth on account of all measured parameters under tested light conditions. Mycorrhizal efficiency of different AM fungi varied in narrow range. AM inoculants were more efficient at higher light intensity in above mentioned plant species, except wheat. Data on colonization of P. mungo, T. aestivum, E. tereticornis and A. procera showed that formation of arbuscules, vesicles and sporocarp was delayed by lower light intensity. Colonization index of host roots and spore counts increased with increase in light intensity during successive months after inoculation. Data on effect of light regimes on microclimate of net house showed that lux meter reading decreased as per grades of shading nets used during both rainy and winter seasons. With increase in light intensity, ambient temperature, soil surface temperature and sub surface temperature at 15 cm depth increased, except that the ambient and soil surface temperature in control (open) were slightly lower than net house observations during January and February. Value of ambient temperature varied in narrow range, with in treatments as compared to soil surface and sub soil surface temperature at 15 cm depth. Soil surface temperature at 25% of full sunlight was less than respective control values by 2–11°C and sub soil temperature at 15 cm depth was less by 4–12°C. The values of different microclimate parameters varied in narrower range during winter season as compared to rainy season. While ranking the importance of two factors studied—light and AM fungi—for their effect on the growth and P uptake by different plant species, inoculations with AM fungi came in the first place (explained 50–82% variation) and light substantially increased the values of R ² in stepwise regression analysis (forward selection). The results suggest that AM inoculation may enhance the growth and P uptake of intercrops under tree shade and the tree canopy management is likely to increase the efficiency of AM inoculants in agroforestry systems. Use of excessive shading (25% of full sun or more) in nurseries may be avoided and PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) lamps may be used to increase growth and colonization index of tree seedlings.     

A review on adaptation of banana (Musa spp.) to cold in subtropics

Global production of bananais adversely affected by abiotic stresses, namely, drought, salinity and low temperature which cause changes in morphology, anatomy, physiology and biochemical metabolism in plant. Different banana cultivars respond differently when grown in subtropical regions due to changes in temperature mainly at the time of flowering and fruiting. The subtropical regions persist cold in winter which become a major constraint for proper growth and development of banana. Only few cultivars are identified for cold tolerance. The cold tolerance is a complex phenomenon, involving numbers of interrelated metabolic pathways. With the onset of cold, growth decrease through alteration in the synthesis of metabolites which are regulated by expression of genes and their interactions. Recently, complete genome sequencing, mutation and transgenesis provided deep insight into the complex mechanism of cold tolerance in banana. In this review, efforts are made to compile the findings and to interpret the better application of technologies in understanding the cold tolerance which may assist in banana breeding.     

An artificial neural network model for estimating Mentha crop biomass yield using Landsat 8 OLI

Yield forecasting is essential for management of the food and agriculture economic growth of a country. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models have been used widely to make precise and realistic forecasts, especially for the nonlinear and complicated problems like crop yield prediction, biomass change detection and crop evapo-transpiration examination. In the present study, various parameters viz. spectral bands of Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) satellite data and derived spectral indices along with field inventory data were evaluated for Mentha crop biomass estimation using ANN technique of Multilayer Perceptron. The estimated biomass showed a good relationship (R²?=?0.762 and root mean square error (RMSE)?=?2.74 t/ha) with field-measured biomass.

     

基于哈格里夫斯法评价印度普萨参考蒸散量（摘选）

精确测定参考作物蒸散量(ET o)对于精确计算作物水分利用是非常必要的。FAO-56 Penman-Monteith法(FAO-56 PM)是联合国粮食和农业组织认可的测定参考作物蒸散量的标准方法。可是,一些天气变量,特别是相对湿度、太阳辐射和风速经常缺失,这可能会妨碍利用FAO-56 PM方法进行ET o估算。为了克服以上情况,评价哈格里夫斯法在估算位于拉金德拉农业大学的菩萨天文台数据的准确性和实用性是很重要的。哈格里夫斯方程经常高估一个区域,因此该方法在普萨地区已经不再使用。利用统计回归分析对哈格里夫斯系数进行校正,得到结果分别由0.002 3和17.8降到0.001 62和-3.039 39。比较利用修正的哈格里夫斯方程和FAO-56 PM计算得到ET o,均方根误差(RMSE)和均偏置误差(MBE)比最小值0.77和-0.11 mmd小1.00和0.21,相应的导致在ET o估算中出现小错误。1998—2006年间的数据经R2、X2检验和一致性指数检测均表现出显著相关性。在普萨地区,利用修正的哈格里夫斯方程(ET AHG平均值为3.71 mmd)和FAO-56PM方法估算得到的ET o基本一致。