刚察县伊克乌兰乡牦牛皮蝇蛆感染情况调查

采用剖检法与触摸法,在10、11月份剖检,翌年3、5月份临床检查未使用消毒剂防控的牦牛皮蝇幼虫感染情况.结果剖检牦牛皮蝇一期幼虫平均感染率为61.54％,平均感染强度34.13条.翌年3、5月份触摸检查牦牛背部皮下皮蝇幼虫寄生形成的瘤疱和成熟第三期幼虫脱落形成的皮肤虫孔,3年的平均感染率61.04％,平均感染强度4.9...     

Management of feral domestic cats in the urban environment of Rome (Italy)

In Italy, which is rabies-free, the national Law No. 281 [Legge Nazionale 14 agosto 1991. No. 281: Legge Quadro in materia di animali di affezione e prevenzione del randagismo. Gazz. Uff. Rep. Ital. no 203 del 30 agosto 1991: p. 3] on the management of pets and on the control of feral cats has introduced the no-kill policy for this species. Thus, “trap-neuter-release” (TNR) programs have been carried out for >10 years. In this paper we present data on registered colonies and censused cats in Rome from 1991 to 2000; the results of the neutering campaign from 1991 to 2000; and a survey, on 103 cat colonies, on the effects of demographic control of urban feral-cat colonies in the city of Rome, carried out by the local Veterinary Public Services (VPS) in collaboration with the associations of cat care-takers. In 10 years almost 8000 were neutered and reintroduced in their original colony. The spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat number but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) is around 21%. This suggests that all these efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy.     

日本脑炎病毒囊膜蛋白的基因原核表达及抗原性分析

参照GenBank中的日本脑炎病毒序列设计一对特异性引物,采用RT-PCR法扩增E基因得到cDNA,克隆至pMD-18T载体,经测序证实后亚克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a中,转化入BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析。结果表明,成功构建了重组质粒pET-28a/JEV E,目的蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达。Western blot检测表明,表达产物与兔抗JEV多克隆抗体呈阳性反应,在ELISA试验中,用表达出的E蛋白包被,能够很明显地区分出猪日本脑炎阴性、阳性血清。     

牛肠道病毒TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立快速、准确地检测牛肠道病毒(BEV)及对北京周边地区牛群中BEV感染情况进行检测,本研究通过设计合成扩增BEV 5＇UTR序列的引物及探针建立了检测BEV的通用型TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR快速检测方法并对反应条件进行了优化.该方法对BEV的最小检测量为0.1 TCID50/0.1mL,敏感性比病毒分离法高10倍.而且该方法对其他牛相关病毒均无交叉反应.用3批试剂对3个稀释度的BEV培养物进行批内和批间重复性试验,其变异系数均小于1.1％,表明该方法具有良好的重复性.采用该方法对北京周边地区牛群采集的852份临床样品进行检测,并与病毒分离方法比较,两种方法检测结果完全一致.因此,本研究所建立的BEVTaqMan RT-PCR检测方法具有快速、准确、特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好的优点,为国内BEV的检测提供了有力的技术支持.本研究首次通过病毒核酸检测证明了我国部分地区的牛群中存在BEV感染.     

农村信息化服务模式现状及特征比较

我国地域辽阔,农村经济、社会发展很不平衡,农村信息化服务究竟选择何种服务模式,一定要坚持因地制宜,从实际出发.本文从分析农村信息化服务模式特征入手,深入研究不同服务模式适用地区、适用范围,本项研究为我国政府部门在进行农村信息化宏观决策时提供了有力的信息支撑.     

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of duck Toll-like receptor 5

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. In this study, we cloned the single-exon TLR5 gene of the Maya breed of Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna). The TLR5 open reading frame is 2580 bp in length and encodes an 859-amino acid protein. The putative amino acid sequence of duck TLR5 consisted of a signal peptide sequence, 11 leucine-rich repeat domains, a leucine-rich repeat C-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain. The duck TLR5 gene was highly expressed in the lung, bone marrow, spleen, and liver; moderately expressed in kidney, small intestine, large intestine, and brain. A plasmid expressing duck TLR5 was constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells, and expression was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. HEK293T cells transfected with duck TLR5- and NF-κB-luciferase-containing plasmids significantly responded to flagellin from Salmonella typhimurium, indicating that it is a functional TLR5 homolog.     

家蚕亲环蛋白A基因(BmCyPA)的克隆与表达分析

亲环蛋白(CyP)能与免疫抑制剂环孢霉素A(CsA)结合而作为CsA的胞内受体。在已构建的家蚕蛹cDNA文库中获得了家蚕亲环蛋白A(BmCyPA)基因的cDNA序列。利用生物信息学方法对此序列的开放阅读框(ORF)和序列同源性等进行分析,并以家蚕蛹总RNA反转录的cDNA为材料克隆了BmCyPA,通过原核表达目的蛋白后,将纯化的BmCyPA融合蛋白免疫新西兰兔得到抗血清,Western blotting检测目的蛋白在蚕体中得到表达。利用荧光定量PCR方法检测家蚕5龄幼虫各组织中BmCyPA mRNA的转录水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、丝腺、中肠、马氏管、表皮、头部、气门、卵巢;Western blotting检测BmCyPA在5龄幼虫各组织中的表达水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、气门、表皮、马氏管、中肠、丝腺、头部和卵巢。亚细胞定位显示Bm-CyPA在细胞质与细胞核中均有分布。推测BmCyPA与家蚕的生长发育以及促进蛋白质折叠和介导免疫应答等有密切联系。     

Regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation induced by porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) exists widely in swine populations worldwide, and healthy PCV2 virus carriers have enhanced the severity of the infection, which is becoming more difficult to control. This study investigated the regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation modification induced by PCV2 in vitro and in mice. In vitro, PNS significantly increased the scavenging capacities of superoxide anion radicals (O₂^•-) and hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) and reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced by PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2). In addition, PNS decreased the protein expression level of histone H4 acetylation (Ac-H4) by increasing the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells. In vivo, PNS enhanced the scavenging capacities of ^•OH and O₂^•− and reduced the content of H₂O₂ in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PNS also reduced the protein expression level of histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) by reducing the activity of histone acetylase (HAT) and increasing the activity of HDAC in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PCV2 infection activated oxidative stress and histone acetylation in vitro and in mice, but PNS ameliorated this oxidative stress. The research can provide experimental basis for exploring the antioxidant effect and the regulation of histone acetylation of PNS on PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells and mice in vitro and in vivo, and provide new ideas for the treatment of PCV2 infection.     

Arachidonic acid immunoregulation in lambs persistently infected with border disease virus

To evaluate arachidonic acid-related immunoregulatory mechanisms during long-term persistent pestivirus infection, we measured plasma contents of leukotriene C4 (LTC4), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and their plasma fatty acid (FA) precursor, arachidonic acid (AA), in six lambs with congenital border disease (BD). Significantly elevated average plasma LTC4 during the first half year of life was associated with increased PDG2 when compared to uninfected control lambs. Significantly elevated total plasma esterified AA stores suggest an effective BDV-mediated prostenoid immunostimulation. However, at 1 yr old, prostenoid secretion had fallen to normal (LTC4) or below normal (PGD2) levels. In contrast, there remained significantly elevated plasma esterified AA, present as available substrate for formation of these anti-viral immunoregulatory agents. These results suggested that preventing mobilization of AA from lipid stores for effective immune responses may be a viral strategy of BD virus that is associated with long term border disease effects.     

Rough vaccines in animal brucellosis: structural and genetic basis and present status

Brucellosis control and eradication requires serological tests and vaccines. Effective classical vaccines (S19 in cattle and Rev 1 in small ruminants), however, induce antibodies to the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide which may be difficult to distinguish from those resulting from infection and may thus complicate diagnosis. Rough attenuated mutants lack the O-polysaccharide and would solve this problem if eliciting protective immunity; the empirically obtained rough mutants 45/20 and RB51 have been used as vaccines. Strain 45/20 is reportedly unstable and it is not presently used. RB51 is increasingly used instead of S19 in some countries but it is rifampicin resistant and its effectiveness is controversial. Some controlled experiments have found good or absolute protection in adult cattle vaccinated orally (full dose) or subcutaneously (reduced dose) and in one field experiment, RB51 was reported to afford absolute protection to calves and to perform better than S19. Controlled experiments in calves, however, have shown reduced doses of RB51 to be ineffective, full doses only partially effective, and RB51 less effective than S19 against severe challenges. Moreover, other observations suggest that RB51 is ineffective when prevalence is high. RB51 is not useful in sheep and evidence in goats is preliminary and contradictory. Rough mutants obtained by molecular biology methods on the knowledge of the genetics and structure of Brucella lipopolysaccharide may offer alternatives. The B. abortus manBcore (rfbK) mutant seems promising in cattle, and analyses in mice suggest that mutations affecting only the O-polysaccharide result in better vaccines than those affecting both core and O-polysaccharide. Possible uses of rough vaccines also include boosting immunity by revaccination but solid evidence on its effectiveness, safety and practicality is not available.