鸡传染性支气管炎的控制方法

传染性支气管炎(Infectious Bronchitis,IB)是一个不可忽视的禽病。许多家禽都可感染本病,然而并不是所有的家禽养殖场主或生产者都知道本病的存在。由此可能会诱发其它疾病的爆发,造成一定的经济损失。     

Fungal-based bioherbicides for weed control: a myth or a reality?

The use of bioherbicides containing fungal active ingredients or natural fungal molecules is one of the possible solutions to reduce the use of chemical products. This paper focuses on studies of bioherbicides, including both living fungi and natural fungal molecules, published in the last 45 years, and their associated weed targets; current problems in the development of bioherbicides are also discussed. Bibliometric methods based on the Web of Science database were used to analyse relevant articles published between 1973 and 2018. Overall analysis suggested that interest in bioherbicides extends over the preceding thirty years, when many potential microorganisms and natural fungal molecules were proposed. Furthermore, analysis of about 229 articles indicated an encouraging exploitable potential, although there is a real gap between the number of experimental studies and the small number of products currently on the market. A dozen fungal-based bioherbicides are on the market in the United States and Canada, while countries, such as China and South Africa, have one, and none is available in Europe. The active ingredients in these bioherbicides are living fungi, but no fungal molecule-based product is thus far on the market. Reasons for this gap include production hurdles, formulation process, ecological fitness, duration of herbicidal effects, and costly and time-consuming registration procedures. However, it is clear that analysis of fungus–plant interactions provides a promising source of bioherbicides that may be applied to appropriate cropping systems for environment-friendly, sustainable weed control.     

Lead foreign body in a cat''s bladder

The follow-up history for 2 years, of a sterile lead implant (air-gun pellet) in a cat's bladder, shows that this does not form the nucleus for calculus formation.
Résumé. Après avoir suivi pendant deux ans l'implant stérile d'un plomb (plomb pour carabine à air comprimé) dans la vessie d'un chat, on a pu conclure qu'il ne sert pas de noyau lorsque se forme un calcul.
Zusammenfassung. Die sich über 2 Jahre erstreckende Beobachtung eines sterilen Bleiimplantats (Luftgewehrgeschoss) in der Blase einer Katze zeigt, dass dieses nicht den Kern einer Calculusbildung abgab.     

Cassini magnetometer observations during Saturn orbit insertion

Cassini's successful orbit insertion has provided the first examination of Saturn's magnetosphere in 23 years, revealing a dynamic plasma and magnetic environment on short and long time scales. There has been no noticeable change in the internal magnetic field, either in its strength or its near-alignment with the rotation axis. However, the external magnetic field is different compared with past spacecraft observations. The current sheet within the magnetosphere is thinner and more extended, and we observed small diamagnetic cavities and ion cyclotron waves of types that were not reported before.     

Biocontrol of soil diseases and soil profile associated with rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa Subsp. Japonica) growing paddy fields in Kansai region,Japan

ABSTRACT

This research focused on in vitro and in vivo biocontrol of two major rice diseases, Bacterial Leaf Blight caused by Xanthomonus oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and Sheath Blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, the soil of paddy fields in Kansai region, Japan was analysed for the presence of these pathogens, and their microbial communities were evaluated according to the location and management systems. For biocontrol, the rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and molecularly identified. The results indicated that DAR17225040 and DAR17225017 were 99% similar to Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus megaterium. The isolated bacteria were able to suppress Bacterial Leaf Blight and Sheath Blight disease 78% and 86% respectively, under greenhouse conditions. The 16S amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq 250bp) was used to analyse the bacterial community in paddy fields of soil taken from five locations under conventional and organic systems. Xoo and R. solani were detected in sampled soil, however, no clear difference was noted, regarding systems. From amplicon sequencing data, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes were the dominant phyla of rice soil in Kansai region. The phylum Kazan-3B-28 was found more in organic system than conventional. The bacterial community was more affected by location and soil type than by management systems.