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81.
Verez-Bencomo V Fernández-Santana V Hardy E Toledo ME Rodríguez MC Heynngnezz L Rodriguez A Baly A Herrera L Izquierdo M Villar A Valdés Y Cosme K Deler ML Montane M Garcia E Ramos A Aguilar A Medina E Toraño G Sosa I Hernandez I Martínez R Muzachio A Carmenates A Costa L Cardoso F Campa C Diaz M Roy R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5683):522-525
Glycoconjugate vaccines provide effective prophylaxis against bacterial infections. To date, however, no commercial vaccine has been available in which the key carbohydrate antigens are produced synthetically. We describe the large-scale synthesis, pharmaceutical development, and clinical evaluation of a conjugate vaccine composed of a synthetic capsular polysaccharide antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The vaccine was evaluated in clinical trials in Cuba and showed long-term protective antibody titers that compared favorably to licensed products prepared with the Hib polysaccharide extracted from bacteria. This demonstrates that access to synthetic complex carbohydrate-based vaccines is feasible and provides a basis for further development of similar approaches for other human pathogens. 相似文献
82.
Lebreton A Lakisic G Job V Fritsch L Tham TN Camejo A Matteï PJ Regnault B Nahori MA Cabanes D Gautreau A Ait-Si-Ali S Dessen A Cossart P Bierne H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6022):1319-1321
Intracellular pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes subvert cellular functions through the interaction of bacterial effectors with host components. Here we found that a secreted listerial virulence factor, LntA, could target the chromatin repressor BAHD1 in the host cell nucleus to activate interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). IFN-λ expression was induced in response to infection of epithelial cells with bacteria lacking LntA; however, the BAHD1-chromatin associated complex repressed downstream ISGs. In contrast, in cells infected with lntA-expressing bacteria, LntA prevented BAHD1 recruitment to ISGs and stimulated their expression. Murine listeriosis decreased in BAHD1(+/-) mice or when lntA was constitutively expressed. Thus, the LntA-BAHD1 interplay may modulate IFN-λ-mediated immune response to control bacterial colonization of the host. 相似文献
83.
Laura Cutroneo Fokko van der Goot Alexis Roels Michela Castellano Max Radermacher Sergio Tucci Paolo Povero Giuseppe Canepa Marco Capello 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(9):1626-1637
Purpose
A working group, composed of the University of Genoa (Italy), responsible for monitoring the dredging of the Port of Genoa, and Royal Boskalis Westminster N.V. (The Netherlands), responsible for the dredging activities, carried out an experiment on closing a landfill area with a double air bubble-screen (ABS) to verify the efficiency both of this method of containing sediment and of the measurement method applied.Materials and methods
Within the Port of Genoa dredging, which was started in 2009, the dredged material is used to fill two areas between existing quays. To contain the sediment to be placed into a third subbasin without interrupting the passage of the barges which discharge the sediment, the use of an ABS was proposed as a barrier to the spreading of the sediment. The experiment was carried out during a 4-day oceanographic campaign to verify, preliminarily, the results under different weather and sea conditions. An artificial tracer, rhodamine water tracing (RWT), was used in varying concentrations to simulate the spreading of the sediment, and an RWT sensor and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) were used to measure the RWT distribution and verify the efficiency of the ABS.Results and discussion
The high turbidity in the port and the high rate of RWT dilution made it relatively difficult to detect the RWT. The RWT sensor sometimes measured higher values than expected probably due to the following: the recirculation of the tracer in current eddies, other sensible suspended matter and adsorption of RWT on suspended matter. The internal ABS could not retain all the RWT, possibly because it was much weaker than the external one, and because mitigating measures, like silt screens or ABSs, are not totally closed and should not be used if complete impermeability is required. The ABS introduction accentuated the natural separation between the basin and the channel water bodies creating a barrier between the two basins.Conclusions
An ABS installed at the entrance to a confined area with low dynamics results in a circular vertical flow with the potential to retain suspended sediments within an enclosed area. The meteorological variability during the tests showed that a weak ABS could malfunction in the presence of strong wind condition. The results showed that the ADCP is a suitable instrument to highlight the ABS position and its effect on the surrounding hydrodynamics. Further research, using a sediment tracer, is required to study with greater detail the effects of the ABS on the water column. 相似文献84.
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87.
The uptake and elimination profile of oxytetracycline (OTC) following a prolong bath treatment in gilthhead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated in this study. The bath experiment was carried out using a OTC concentration of 50 μg/ml for 24 h at 17-18 °C water temperature. Plasma and muscle fish samples were analysed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h during and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 d following the bath. Detectable OTC levels were revealed only at the end of bath treatment (24 h) in examined tissues of gilthead sea bream, where drug concentration was measured to be as low as 0.096 and 0.047 μg/g or ml in muscle plus skin and plasma, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that OTC bath treatment under this dosage schedule is unlikely to confront systemic bacterial infections. 相似文献
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89.
Use of Ozonization for the Treatment of Dye Wastewaters Containing Rhodamine B in the Agate Industry
Machado Ênio Leandro de Sales Dambros Vagner Kist Lourdes Teresinha Alcayaga Lobo Eduardo Alexis Tedesco Solange Bosio Moro Celso Camilo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(4):1753-1764
The industrial processing of precious stones is a source of revenue for several Brazilian towns, especially in the state of
Rio Grande do Sul. Given the growing number of small-sized companies that process precious stones, wastewater production is
inevitable and is a cause for concern inasmuch as preservation of nature is considered. The present study investigates the
detoxification of the wastewater produced by the process of rhodamine B dyeing using oxidation processes. Ozonization (O3), ultraviolet irradiation (UV), and O3/UV methods were assessed. Some of the parameters used to measure the efficiency of the analyzed treatments included COD,
ecotoxicity (Daphnia magna), cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity assays (Allium cepa assays). Results show predominance of negative and local environmental impacts, which are reversible in more than 70% of
cases. The major proposed reversibility measures were the change in the process layout and dye wastewater segregation. Among
the analyzed methods, ozonization proved to be more efficient in decolorization, with 60 min of treatment, pH = 9 and dosage
of 5.705 mg O3/mg of rhodamine B. A pseudo first-order reaction, with a kinetic constant of 7.5 × 10−2 min−1, was observed. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were assessed for both raw and treated wastewaters. Despite complete decolorization,
cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays revealed an EC50 of 28.6, in addition to chromosome aberrations in 40% of dividing cells for the treated wastewater. 相似文献
90.
A pharmacokinetic study of flumequine in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), after a single intravascular injection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg–1 fish) were studied in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), 120 g held at 18 °C. The absorption half life ( t 1/2α ) and the elimination half life ( t 1/2β ) of the drug were calculated to be 1.05 and 10.71 h, respectively. Tissue penetration of flumequine seemed to be moderate because both the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state ( V d(ss) ) and the extensive apparent volume of the central compartment ( V c ) were found to be small (1.51 and 0.626 L kg–1 ). The mean residence time ( MRT ) was short (09.73 h) and the total clearance (CLT ) of the drug was rapid (0.156 L kg–1 h–1 ). 相似文献