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排序方式: 共有400条查询结果,搜索用时 21 毫秒
81.
Masayasu Saruta Akio Kikuchi Akinori Okabe Takahide Sasaya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(6):431-435
Coat protein sequences of two isolates in strain A2 and five isolates in strain D of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which caused a recent mosaic outbreak in soybeans (cv. Sachiyutaka) in Chugoku and Shikoku in Japan, were compared
to published data on 15 other Asian-origin isolates. Sequence comparison and cluster analysis showed that SMV isolates of
strain A2 from these districts were closely related, as were those of strain D, but strains A2 and D were not. Thus, the two strains may have different origins and be carried through seed transmission. 相似文献
82.
1. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH-DH) activity in the M. iliotibialis lateralis was compared histochemically among 7 breeds of cocks. This muscle was composed only of Type-IIA and -IIB fibres. 2. Apparent breed differences were observed in muscle development, the NADH-DH activity in every fibre type, fibre type distribution and fibre diameters. 3. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the muscle characteristics of various breeds were based not only on the fibre type composition, but also the different activities of oxidative enzyme in every type. 相似文献
83.
Verticillium dahliae isolates from potato on the island of Hokkaido (potato isolates) and those belonging to pathotypes A (eggplant pathotype),
B (tomato pathotype) and C (sweet pepper pathotype) were divided into three distinct groups by RAPD and REP-PCR. The three
DNA groups I, II, III consisted of pathotypes A and C, pathotype B and potato isolates, respectively. The potato isolates
were assigned to pathotype A on the basis of pathogenicity. Another set of potato isolates was further collected from eight
potato cropping regions on Hokkaido to further examine the relationships among them in detail. Only one of these isolates
was identified as DNA group II, but all the others were classified as DNA group III. Isolates from daikon, eggplant, and melon
on Hokkaido also belonged to DNA group III. These results suggest that V. dahliae isolates from Hokkaido are unique at the DNA level and different from other pathotype A isolates in Japan.
Received 28 February 2000/ Accepted in revised form 6 November 2000 相似文献
84.
Effect of sodium acetate on the adhesion to porcine gastric mucin in a Lactococcus lactis strain grown on fructose
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Hiromi Kimoto‐Nira Naoko Moriya Seishi Yamasaki Akio Takenaka Chise Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(6):802-808
The association of lactic acid bacteria with mucosal surfaces plays important roles in the beneficial effects of these bacteria on human health, such as colonization of the gastrointestinal tract for pathogen antagonism. Previously, we found that the adhesion of Lactococcus lactis 7‐1 to porcine gastric mucin was higher with fructose than with lactose, galactose or xylose as the carbon source. In this study, we examined the effect of growth conditions on the adhesion of strain 7‐1 grown on fructose. Medium components affect the adhesion: the adhesion of strain 7‐1 grown with sodium acetate was higher than that without it. The enhancement of adhesion by sodium acetate was not observed under aerobic conditions. Cellular properties grown with or without sodium acetate were characterized: strain 7‐1 grown with sodium acetate had similar sugar contents, and different fatty acid composition to those grown without it. Strain 7‐1 grown with sodium acetate showed significantly lower cell yield and significantly higher hydrophobicity than those grown without it, which is associated with higher adhesion. Fructose and sodium acetate are frequently used in the food industry; this study may reveal a simple way to enhance the adhesion of lactic acid bacteria by growing them with these substances. 相似文献
85.
Pool‐based genome‐wide association study identified novel candidate regions on BTA9 and 14 for oleic acid percentage in Japanese Black cattle
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Ayaka Nakajima Yuta Matsumoto Yoshinobu Uemoto Moriyuki Fukushima Emi Yoshida Eiji Iwamoto Takayuki Akiyama Namiko Kohama Eiji Kobayashi Takeshi Honda Kenji Oyama Hideyuki Mannen Shinji Sasazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(8):1060-1066
Fatty acid composition is an important indicator of beef quality. The objective of this study was to search the potential candidate region for fatty acid composition. We performed pool‐based genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for oleic acid percentage (C18:1) in a Japanese Black cattle population from the Hyogo prefecture. GWAS analysis revealed two novel candidate regions on BTA9 and BTA14. The most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each region were genotyped in a population (n = 899) to verify their effect on C18:1. Statistical analysis revealed that both SNPs were significantly associated with C18:1 (p = .0080 and .0003), validating the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected in GWAS. We subsequently selected VNN1 and LYPLA1 genes as candidate genes from each region on BTA9 and BTA14, respectively. We sequenced full‐length coding sequence (CDS) of these genes in eight individuals and identified a nonsynonymous SNP T66M on VNN1 gene as a putative candidate polymorphism. The polymorphism was also significantly associated with C18:1, but the p value (p = .0162) was higher than the most significant SNP on BTA9, suggesting that it would not be responsible for the QTL. Although further investigation will be needed to determine the responsible gene and polymorphism, our findings would contribute to development of selective markers for fatty acid composition in the Japanese Black cattle of Hyogo. 相似文献
86.
Shin Kato Yoshitake Takada Satoshi Shimamura Kaori Hirata Takashi Sayama Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara Masao Ishimoto Akio Kikuchi Takeshi Nishio 《Breeding Science》2016,66(2):319-327
Resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is imperative for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in the Tohoku region. Molecular markers for SMV resistance were previously reported for U.S. SMV strains, but they cannot be applied because of the differences in strain classification between Japan and the U.S. A U.S. variety ‘Harosoy’ has been used mainly as a donor of resistance to SMV strains C and D in a Japanese breeding program, resulting in resistant varieties such as ‘Fukuibuki.’ Because ‘Harosoy’ harbors the Rsv3 gene conferring resistance to the virulent SMV strain groups, G5 through G7, it appears that the Rsv3 gene confers resistance to strains C and D. In this study, we introduced resistance to the two strains from ‘Fukuibuki’ into a leading variety ‘Ohsuzu’ by recurrent backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. All lines selected with markers near Rsv3 showed resistance to the strains, suggesting that the Rsv3 locus is responsible for the resistance. Three years of trials showed that one of the breeding lines, ‘Tohoku 169,’ was equivalent to ‘Ohsuzu’ with respect to agricultural characteristics such as seed size, maturity date, and seed yield, except for the SMV resistance. 相似文献
87.
Shohei Kaneko Katsuhiko Yoshitake Shuji Itakura Hiromi Tanaka Akio Enoki 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(3):262-269
The degradation of wood, filter paper cellulose, and a lignin-substructure model, was measured in cultures of seven fungi usually regarded as brown-rot fungi. Hydroxyl radical production and the accumulation of oxalic acid in the cultures were also measured. Four of the fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Tyromyces palustris, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Postia placenta, were typical brown-rot fungi, in that they preferentially degraded and eliminated the polysaccharides in wood and produced large amounts of hydroxyl radical. The rates of hydroxyl radical generation in cultures of the four fungi were directly proportional to the degradation rates of wood, cellulose, and the lignin-related compound, and inversely proportional to the amount of oxalic acid in the cultures. Two of the fungi, Daedalea dickinsii and Lentinus lepideus, did not degrade any of the substrates significantly and produced very little hydroxyl radical. Coniophora puteana had the highest rate of cellulose degradation, but did not degrade wood or the lignin model significantly and produced only negligible amounts of hydroxyl radical. These results indicate that brown-rot fungi produce large amounts of hydroxyl radical for the degradation of wood and crystalline cellulose. 相似文献
88.
Reaction between maleic anhydride (MA) and wood specimens was carried out in a vapor phase reaction system. Reaction conditions
such as the ratio of supplied MA to wood, initial moisture content, and reaction temperature were optimized. The MA supplied
to the reaction system was effectively absorbed by the wood, and a satisfactorily high dimensional stability was achieved
even at a low MA/wood ratio. The dimensional stability increased with rising initial moisture content. When the reaction was
conducted at an elevated temperature (180°C), high dimensional stability was attained without remarkable weight increase and
bulking. The mechanism of dimensional stabilization was discussed on the basis of the dimensional changes at high humidity
and during repeated water soaking and drying. It was shown that the dimensional stabilization arises mainly from a decrease
of hygroscopicity. When the reaction was conducted at 180°C, the formation of cross-links in the cell wall was apparent. Following
the MA treatment, the antifungal property was remarkably enhanced and met the Japanese Industrial Standard K1571. Therefore,
MA treatment in the vapor phase is an effective method to attain antifungal properties as well as high dimensional stability
with a small amount of nontoxic reagent. 相似文献
89.
Respiration measurements of aerial parts of 18-year-old hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.) trees were made under field conditions over three years to study changing relationships with tree age between respiration and phytomass, phytomass increment, and leaf mass. The relationship between annual respiration (r(a)) and phytomass (w(T)) was approximated by a proportional function (r(a) = aw(T)), where the proportional constant (a) decreased year by year. The effect of time on the relationship between annual respiration and phytomass of each sample tree was fitted by a power function. Respiration of the tree suppressed by the canopy decreased year by year, but respiration of the other trees increased slightly with age. The relationship between annual respiration and leaf mass was also approximated by a generalized power function. Excluding the suppressed tree, the relationship between annual respiration (r(a)) and the annual increment of aboveground phytomass (Deltaw(T)) was described by a proportional function (r(a) = 2.27Deltaw(T)), where the proportional constant, 2.27, was independent of sample tree and year, indicating that about 2.3 times of the annual aboveground phytomass increment equivalent was respired annually. For any tree, the time constant relationships between annual respiration and leaf mass and phytomass increment for different-sized trees were similar to the corresponding time continuum relationships. In contrast, the time continuum relationship between annual respiration and phytomass differed from the time constant relationship, indicating that respiration of less active woody tissue contributed significantly to aboveground respiration. Based on the relationship between tree size and annual respiration, annual aboveground stand respiration was estimated to be 25.0, 26.9, and 25.8 Mg(dm) ha(-1) year(-1) for the three consecutive years, respectively, and the corresponding aboveground stand biomass was 60.0, 69.0, and 76.8 Mg(dm) ha(-1). 相似文献
90.
Takuro Hirai Kayoko Namura Takeo Kimura Tetsuji Tsujino Akio Koizumi 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(4):295-301
Effective lateral resistance of multiple anchorbolt joints was estimated by considering sill thickness or length/diameter
ratios of anchor bolts. Load-slip relationships of single anchor bolt joints were analyzed by the stepwise linear approximation
based on the generalized theory of a beam on an elastic foundation and the criterion of “fracture bearing displacement” for
several sill thicknesses or length/diameter ratios of anchor bolts. Monte Carlo simulations of the effective lateral resistance
of multiple anchor-bolt joints were conducted using the analyzed load-slip curves of single anchor-bolt joints. Effective
resistance ratios of multiple anchor-bolt joints were simulated for some combinations of length/diameter ratios of anchor
bolts, lead-hole clearances, and number of anchor bolts. The simulated results are: (1) the influence of lead-hole clearance
becomes more apparent as length/diameter ratios of single anchor-bolt joints decrease; (2) there is no obvious effect of number
of anchor-bolts over the range of 5 to 15; (3) average effective resistance ratios can be adopted for allowable stress design;
and (4) reduction of effective resistance ratios should be considered particularly for small length/diameter ratios of anchor-bolt
joints. 相似文献