A Integrate-Reset-Controlled Single Phase Power Factor Correction with High Efficiency

A novel single phase boost type power factor correction circuit is introduced .The converter's efficiency is greatly improved by improving on the traditional boost type power factor correction circuit. Integrate Reset Control circuit is adopted to realize unity power factor. The Integrate Reset Control high efficiency single phase boost type power factor corrector has these characteristics as follows: It's constant frequency operation, which is of advantage of the design of filter. The control circuit is very simple and no need for multiplier. The result is quiet perfect, the input current follows the input voltage very well. The efficiency is very high. The result of simulation and experiment proves the correction of theory analysis.     

Effect of Reinforced-Concrete Deterioration on Structures

s:It is proposed that the research of the structural durability is necessary considering the structural damages under the effect of deterioration of reinforced concrete. The most common reasons, which cause the deterioration of structures in China, are reinforcement corrosion and freeze thaw cycles of concrete. Based on the summarizing of research works of the effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structures, it is indicated that the structural durability research should be carried out either in view of material science or that of structural science, and should be also considered the interaction of several factors with uncertain nature instead of the determined individual factor analysis. The structural durability of serviceable should be paid much more attention while researching the durability of structural capacity. The effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structural capacity, rigidity and durability should be researched henceforth.     

Antibody-mediated bacteriorhodopsin orientation for molecular device architectures

A rational method for constructing highly oriented films of purple membrane (PM) has been established by using two kinds of bispecific antibodies with different antigen-binding sites, one binding to a specific side of bacteriorhodopsin and the other to a phospholipid hapten. A hapten monolayer deposited on a metal electrode was treated with a bispecific antibody solution and incubated with a PM suspension to produce a highly oriented PM film, as confirmed by electron microscopy in which an immunogold labeling technique was used. This antibody-mediated PM monolayer was then used in the construction of a light-sensing photoelectric device. A comparison of the two incorporated PM monolayers showed that highly efficient photocurrents were produced by the PM monolayer whose unidirectionally oriented cytoplasmic surface faces the electrode.     

Persimmon breeding in Japan for pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA) type with marker-assisted selection

Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These cultivars are classified into four groups based on their natural astringency loss on the tree and seed formation: pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA), pollination-variant non-astringent (PVNA), pollination-constant astringent (PCA), and pollination-variant astringent (PVA). PCNA is the most desirable type because the fruit can be eaten without any postharvest treatment; therefore, one of the goals of our persimmon breeding programs is to release superior PCNA cultivars. The PCNA genotype is recessive to the other three non-PCNA genotypes, and PCNA-type F₁ offspring are obtained exclusively from crosses among PCNA genotypes. Moreover, the number of superior PCNA cross-parents have been limited. In the late 1980s, inbreeding depression became obvious, especially in terms of fruit size, tree vigor, and productivity. To mitigate the inbreeding, a backcross program using PCNA [(non-PCNA × PCNA) × PCNA] was started in 1990. This process, however, was inefficient because only 15% of the offspring were PCNA, and all offspring had to be grown to the fruiting stage. Therefore, molecular markers linked to the PCNA locus were developed for discriminating PCNA offspring. A molecular marker linked to Chinese PCNA has also been developed.     

自然养蜂管理与蜂产品质量管理的探讨Ⅰ 现代养蜂存在的问题与如何自然养蜂

 近几年,欧洲各国的养蜂中发现有残留抗生素的问题,提出了世界养蜂行业必须要解决的诸多课题。笔者通过多年的养蜂实践,提出了关于现代养蜂的问题:不适宜的环境下养蜂,对蜜蜂过多采蜜,人工近亲交配导致蜂群种性和抗病性降低,不正确的采蜜时间、方法、措施,使蜂产品的品质降低。为了解决上述问题,提出按蜜蜂的生态、自然养蜂,比如确保蜜源丰富,有大量和无污染的水源和蜜源的养蜂环境,由蜂群的轮流休息来强化蜂群,在无药剂污染的地区养蜂,开发附加值高的蜂产品生产,加强质量管理等措施。     

Does <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia hemerocallidis</Emphasis> regularly host-alternate between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hemerocallis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patrinia</Emphasis> plants in Japan?

Daylily rust fungus, Puccinia hemerocallidis, was proven to host-alternate between a wild daylily, Hemerocallis fulva var. longituba, and a patrinia, Patrinia villosa. No proof was obtained for the early belief that the fungus is pathogenic to plantainlilies, Hosta species, in addition to daylilies, Hemerocallis species. The fungus seems to alternate regularly between daylilies and patrinias in Japan because most daylily species are deciduous, and a vegetatively reproducing stage of the pathogen does not seem capable of successfully overwintering free of the living host tissue.     

Evaluation of the Staph-Zym-system for identification of Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus intermedius

The Staph-Zym system was evaluated as a means for identifying cultures of Staphylococcus hyicus isolated from pigs and bovines and cultures of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from canines. The selected cultures had been identified by conventional methods. The Staph-Zym system correctly identified all 52 S. hyicus and all 33 S. intermedius. It is concluded that the Staph-Zym system is a practical and reliable test for identifying mostly animal pathogenic S. hyicus and S. intermedius, and might possibly be useful for veterinary microbiologists.     

Colonization of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs by the fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard.

The process of colonization of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs by the fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The preparations were made by fractionation of egg suspension exposed to the fungus for four days and frozen in liquid nitrogen according to St?rba and Milácek (1986). Ovicidal fungus forms an abundant ramifying mycelial network in the area between the eggs. However, egg-shells are penetrated only by some hyphae without any penetration organs produced (simple hyphal penetration). In a liquid medium, after penetration, hyphae inside the eggs rapidly grow among inner structures of egg-shells and on the surface of developing larvae. In the next phase, hyphae colonize the developing larva. The eggs attacked by this fungus remain morphologically unchanged for a long time except the sites of penetration. Verticillium chlamydosporium is a fungus with unique ovicidal properties. It colonizes the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides at all stages of embryo development and also attacks larvae inside the eggs.     

Application of an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for rapid screening of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (DHP) in blood plasma of the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus.

Populations of African (Loxodonta Africana) and Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoos and safari parks are at risk due to their low reproductive success. To extend the limited knowledge of their reproductive physiology, the development of easy and practical methods for the analysis of the relevant reproductive hormones is essential to support e.g. assisted reproduction. For the measurement of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (DHP), the predominant ovarian gestagen in both species, an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) based on commercial reagents was applied. Advantages of this EIA are the small volume of plasma needed for evaluation (5 microliters) and the possibility of direct processing without an extraction stage. The lower limit of detection was 0.16 ng/ml, the mean recovery was 101% and the mean coefficients of variation were 7.3% (intra-assay) and 9.9% (inter-assay). In Asian elephants, DHP levels reached 15 ng/ml during the luteal phase and up to 21 ng/ml during pregnancy. Estrous cycle lengths based on the lowest DHP concentrations varied from 12 to 20 weeks (mean 15.4 +/- 2.3). In two Asian elephant cows a calf was still-borne. Thereafter, the animals reassumed ovarian activity after approximately 8 and 13 weeks, respectively. In one animal estradiol implants for hormonal contraception caused a down regulation of the ovarian function as demonstrated by an irregular pattern of DHP secretion over a period of 48 weeks. We propose the direct DHP-EIA as a suitable method for reproductive monitoring in elephants, as it can be easily established in laboratories.