80:20池塘养殖翘嘴红鲌商品鱼技术

翘嘴红鲌,俗称白条、太湖白鱼,属鲤科、鲌亚科、红鲌属,其个体较大,生长速度快,是长江流域的优质经济鱼类.该鱼肉嫩刺少,味道鲜美,是深受广大消费者喜爱的鱼中上品.由于自然资源的锐减,其在市场上供不应求,随着翘嘴红鱼自人工繁育苗种技术的成熟,人工养殖翘嘴红鲌具有广阔的前景.     

鱼类诺达病毒及其所导致的疾病

In recent years, piscine nodaviruses have emerged as major pathogens of a wide range of larval and juvenile marine finfish resulting in high mortality in aquaculture worldwide. Affected fish exhibit a range of neurological signs, such as erratic swimming behaviour with the associated microscopic lesions of necrosis and vacuolation of the central nervous tissues and retina. Numerous roundshaped, unenveloped and 25-30 nm in diameter virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of affected retinal and nerve cells. Nodaviruses have a bipartite genome of positivesense RNA,with RNA1 encoding the RNAdependent RNA polymerase and RNA2 encoding the capsid protein. Both RNA are capped, but not polyadenylated. The family Nodaviridae comprises two genera: Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus, members of which primarily infect insects and fish, respectively. Therefore, betanodavirus is also named piscine nodavirus. At present, piscine nodaviruses are divided into four genotypes based on partial sequences of the coat protein gene. ELISA and RT-PCR amplification have been developed as specific diagnostic methods for the d etection of the virus. Antibodies to striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) nervous necrosis (SJNNV) were found in 65% of plasma samples collected from wild and domestic brood stocks of striped jack, suggesting that the virus is very prevalent. Viral antigens were detected in eggs, larvae, and ovaries of hatcheryreared and wild spawner fish, suggesting both horizontal and vertical modes of transmission of the virus. Selection of nodavirusfree spawners using ELISA for detection of antigens and RT-PCR techniques have successfully reduced incidences of the virus infections in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax),striped jack and barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). The SSN1 and GF cell lines have been successfully used in isolating piscinenodaviruses.Although there are many papers describing the molecular characteristics of betanodavirus, our knowledge of the genomic attributes of these viruses is still limited. Vaccination studies are being undertaken by a number of researchers and need to be fostered. In particular, the use of passive immunization of broodfish with homologous and heterologous, high titre antisera are worthy of investigation.     

今年上半年湛江市虾病情况调查

最近,湛江市海洋与渔业局养殖科、湛江市水产技术推广中心站组成调查组,对湛江辖区内养虾生产和虾病进行了一次比较深入的调研.重点调查了雷州、徐闻、吴川、东海岛等四个对虾养殖主产县(市、区),通过深入塘头看病情,与虾农座谈问根由,取回病虾样本做检测等办法,对今年流行的虾病进行了比较全面的了解和分析.其他县(市、区)则进行了电话调查.调查结果表明,今年湛江市虾病的严重性仅次于2004年,不少虾农至今已连续放苗三、四次,三次排掉,损失惨重.不完全统计,截止于五月下旬,全市放养对虾面积30万亩,发病面积18.75万亩,发病率62.5%,其中绝产塘(排掉的塘)9.3万亩,绝产率31%,无论是发病率还是绝产率均比2005年高.虾病造成的经济损失是巨大,仅按全市绝产塘9.3万亩计算,种苗、饲料等投入品损失1.1亿多元,因绝产造成产量损失近2多万吨,产值损失5亿元.……     

寒地超级稻摘脱台设计参数的试验研究

为进一步改善寒地超级稻霜前收获摘脱台的性能,降低梳脱损失,通过对影响摘脱台工作性能的主要参数和结构特点的分析,在4ZTL-1800型气吸式割前摘脱稻麦联合收割机研究基础上,设计了一种具有可更换3种滚筒的摘脱台。以摘脱台的总损失为评价指标,对摘脱滚筒线速度、喂入速度、喂入口开度与喂入口风速进行了单因素和多因素正交试验。单因素试验表明：摘脱滚筒线速度、喂入速度和喂入口风速三因素对摘脱损失有显著影响。正交试验表明：最佳组合为滚筒线速度23 m/s,喂入速度1.1 m/s,喂入口开度120 mm,喂入口气流速度14 m/s,此技术条件下摘脱损失不大于1%。所设计的摘脱台满足超级稻收获要求,并为超级稻割前摘脱联合收割机摘脱台的设计提供依据。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速诊断猪肺炎支原体

利用环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）方法建立了猪肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma hyopneumoinae）的快速检测方法。该方法以猪肺炎支原体保守性基因16SrRNA为靶序列设计了6条特异引物,在63℃等温条件下,30min即可完成反应。结果显示,LAMP技术优于PCR技术。在敏感性实验中,LAMP方法的能检测出10个包含靶基因片段的重组质粒,敏感性高于PCR方法10倍;特异性实验中,LAMP方法和PCR方法均显示出了高度的特异性;在对127个临床鼻拭子样本的检测中,LAMP方法检测结果是所有样本都为阳性,而PCR检测出了116份阳性。证明本研究所建立的方法,对临床样本的检测的敏感度高于常规的PCR法。LAMP方法具有操作简便、快速、高效、敏感、特异、经济的特点,在研究机构以及基层实验室、现场监测的广泛使用具有一定的潜力。     

基于PLC的液压无级调速变量施肥控制系统的研究

设计了以PLC为控制核心、液压马达为执行机构的变量施肥控制系统。该系统由PLC控制器、信号采集单元、液压传动控制组成,通过使用step7-Mico/win32 V3.2编程软件实现了手动控制、GPS导航定位和无GPS定位三种变量施肥工作模式,并对其进行了控制精度试验。试验表明：在机具速度为6km/h,施肥量为300~1280kg/ha范围内时,马达转速的系统控制误差≤8%。     

橡胶产业升级与关键技术调研——橡胶树采胶及病虫害防控

通过对我国海南、云南、广东三大植胶区橡胶产业发展情况的调研,简要阐述橡胶采胶及病虫害防控方面的现状。探讨分析橡胶采胶及病虫害方面所面临的采胶技术管理执行不够好,橡胶树割面干涸病防控技术仍未获得突破,橡胶树常规病虫危害日趋严重及新病虫害不断涌现,橡胶栽培技术经济合理性研究不够等问题。提出通过切实做好采胶技术管理,割面干涸病防控技术研发,高效安全的采胶技术及新型刺激剂复方的研发,橡胶树突发病虫害监测预报及应急防控技术,橡胶树根病综合防控及植保药物技术研发等建议,发展提升橡胶产业整体水平。     

低能日粮对蛋鸡生产性能影响的研究

目前市场上，蛋白质饲料的价格大幅度下降，豆粕由原来的２４００元／吨下降为１４００元／吨，棉粕由原来的１４００元／吨下降为７４０元／吨。而能量饲料的价格一直稳定在较高的水平，玉米１２００元／吨，麸皮１０００元／吨。针对目前市场状况，是否能通过降低蛋鸡日...     

防治蔬菜小菜蛾的生物农药筛选试验

将常用的９种生物农药，在大白菜、花椰菜上对小菜蛾的防效进行筛选试验。从防效、产量、经济效益３项指标经合评价结果，高效杀鳞精、威敌、绿保素、绿神、天力等５种相对具有高效、经济的特点，可供生产上推广应用。     

增城市南洋楹丰产林间伐技术初探

本文介绍了增城市南洋楹丰产林间伐的原则、方法和间伐效果。