Plantation Forests for Sustainable Wood Supply and Development in China

With the implementation of Natural Forests Protection Program, wood resource base in China is shifting from naturally grown forests to plantation forests. This paper reviews: 1) The evolution of Chinese decade-long reforestation program and its contribution to sustainable wood supply and development, and 2) impacts of "China's Natural Forest Protection Program and " Fast-Growing and High-Yield Plantation Program in China " on China's wood supply and sustainability. In addition, this paper highlights Chinese national researches on the integrated intensive management and utilization of the plantation resource.     

一种森林抽样样本容量表

本文介绍一种森林抽样样本容量表。简单随机抽样用迭代公式计算样本容量,该式将样本容量表示为估计的变动系数和规定容许相对抽样误差的函数。迭代法在林业中用于计算样本容量时被证明并非都是收敛的。这里介绍一种修正的迭代方案,并编成数表来使用。     

桉树的无性繁殖

扦插是林木无性繁殖较喜用的,因能从单株获得大量的插条苗,可避免嫁接的不亲和性,同时,插条比其他无性繁殖方法和压条、嫁接等的材料的获得要便利。实生苗茎部插条桉树实生苗扦插容易形成根系,Gior-dano于1961年用赤桉一年生苗基部(0—30厘米)扦插,其生根率在60％以上。通常插条需要3个月以上才能生根。但葡萄桉在同     

亚热带幼龄果树叶片的矿质营养诊断

采用营养诊断的方法,可以更精确地确定亚热带果树对肥料的需要。把分析叶片中的化学成份与树体的生长和产量的相关指标作为诊断的依据,就可以比较清楚地说明亚热带果树不同发育阶段所需要的营养元素、诊断的对象是柠檬、石榴和核桃无机态营养物质的含有程度。     

匈牙利人民共和国杨树实生苗的培育经验

匈牙利人民共和国纳岂阿尔费里特大砂地的条件,很适合于培育杨树。生长期的年平均温度为14.6℃,光照长度——1615小时。在生长期中降雨量小于480毫米的地方,有比较高的地下水位(2—3米)来补充水分之不足。从蒴果飞出来的种子,实际上是不可能收集到的。所以首先必需寻找一个适当的种子发育阶段,在这个阶级中种子虽已成熟,但还留在蒴果里。     

Dielectric properties of copper-ethanolamine treated Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.)

In order to clarify the interaction between copper and wood substances in wood treated with copper containing water-borne wood preservatives, the dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss factor ε″ of untreated wood and wood treated with four concentration levels of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) solutions were determined within a temperature range from –100 to 40°C and a frequency range from 100 to 1 MHz. Three dielectric relaxation processes were observed in the ε″ spectrum; among them R-I is based on the reorientation of methylol groups in the amorphous region of wood cell walls and R-II is related to wood extractives. R-III appeared in Cu-EA treated wood, and its magnitude decreases with the concentration of Cu-EA solutions used in this experiment. This relaxation process was considered to be based on the reorientation of copper-ethanolamine-wood complexes in wood cell walls. At low copper retention, the hydrogen in the complex can form hydrogen bonding with adjacent hydroxyl groups, which results in a strong bonding state between copper and wood; at high copper retention, the numerous copper-ethanolamine complexes not only hinder them from forming hydrogen bonding with adjacent wood molecules due to steric hindrance, but also weaken the interaction between wood molecules themselves, which corresponds to reducing ε″ values of both R-I and R-III processes. The results explain the fact of in-creasing copper leaching in wood treated with high concentration copper-based water-borne preservatives.     

Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per ten thousand ha. There are 0.67-64.4 ha burned area per ten thousand ha forest. The main reasons for forest fires lie in the dry weather conditions, many firebrands, and high fuel loading. The strategies of fire management in the region are to stress the fire education in forest regions, strength the firebrands' management, emphasize the fuel management, and improve the fire monitoring and fire control ability.     

中国南部热带植物区系的特点与亲缘

中国南部热带植物区系主要以云南南部、广西西南部和海南热带植物区系为代表 .该文简要分析了它们植物区系的组成特征和地理成分 ,比较研究了云南南部和海南热带植物区系与东南亚的马来半岛和文莱热带植物区系的关系 ,得出以下结论 :(1)中国南部植物区系主要由热带植物区系成分组成 ,热带分布的科和属分别占总科和属数的 6 0 %和 80 %多 ,在热带分布属中 ,又具体以热带亚洲成分占优势 ,显示该植物区系是热带性质的植物区系 ,具有热带亚洲亲缘 ;(2 )中国南部热带植物区系中多于 70 %的科和多于 5 0 %的属与马来西亚植物区系共有 ,并且其优势科中大多数也为马来西亚植物区系的优势科 ,意味着在植物区系分区上它属于热带亚洲或印度 马来西亚植物区系的一部分 ;(3)由于位于东南亚热带北缘 ,中国南部热带植物区系中以边缘热带成分为主 ,是印度 马来西亚植物区系的热带北缘类型 ;(4)中国南部植物区系的热带亚洲亲缘可以从东南亚的地质演化历史解释     

Nutrient Management for Eucalypt Plantations in South China

Eucalypts are very popular for revegetation in many parts of south China because of their capacity to tolerate degraded sites and unfertile soils,and their fast growth potential to coppice. This paper reviews a decade of field trials in china, undertaken as part of several bilateral researchprograms in plantation forestry, concerning the use of fertilizers, harvest residue management and inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi. One of the key questions addressed is whether the productivity of plantation eucalypts in south China can be increased to the world average by nutrient management across a rotation.     

森林经营中的地方分权和权力下放

一、引言 地方分权和权力下放，以及一系列相关的术语(如参与和权力)目前已被广泛用于有关林业政策的讨论中。但是这些术语过去常常被用来描述森林经营的各种方法和过程，并且常被错误地互换。本文的目的是界定这些术语和概念的含义；总结这些概念在实践中的应用方式，并依据已有的经验来指导将地方分权和权力下放这些概念应用于今后的森林经营实践。 二、定义和概念 地方分权和权力下放这两个术语常被互换，但区分二者之间的差别很重要。地方分权可以定义为：将地方的管理职能在当地进行重新分配，这并不一定意味着决策中心的改变或权力的…