Effects of boron supplementation of adequate and inadequate vitamin D3-containing diet on performance and serum biochemical characters of broiler chickens.

In this study, supplementation of two levels (5 and 25 parts per million; ppm) of boron into broiler diets including 125 IU kg(-1) (inadequate) and 2000 IU kg(-1) (adequate) vitamin D3 was investigated. The effects of supplementation on performance and biochemical characters (Ca, P, Mg, glucose and AP) of broilers from 1 to 45 days of age were evaluated. Boron provided significant increases in performances of chicks fed both adequate and inadequate vitamin D3-containing diets. The improvements in the inadequate vitamin D3-containing group were higher than that of adequate vitamin D3-containing group. The boron addition had a positive effect on Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase levels of chicks. Boron might be regarded as beneficial in inadequate vitamin D3-containing broiler feed.     

Microscopic studies of the skin of the Turkish Angora goat. I. Skin layers

The study describes basic structural aspects of the integumental layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) of the Turkish Angora goat. The results have been obtained by light- and electronmicroscopical methods. Central topics are measurements of layer thickness as related to annual season and life period, as well as typical criteria of integumental layer construction as connected with the hair cycle. Remarkable is a trimerous organization of the dermis and cyclic changes in the thickness of the stratum adiposum of the hypodermis. The findings are discussed with regard to comparable observations from other domestic mammals.     

Continuous feed medication with nitroscanate for the removal of Hymenolepis nana in naturally infected mice and rats.

In this study, the effects of nitroscanate were investigated in naturally acquired Hymenolepis nana infections in rats and mice. The natural infection was determined by centrifugal flotation technique of faeces. The infected rats and mice were divided into two treatment and two control groups (N = 10). Nitroscanate at the dose of 50 mg/kg per day was given in the diet for 4 days. The rats and mice of treatment groups were necropsied on 7th day after the last treatment together with those of control groups. Following necrospsy, in the treatment group a geometric mean of 1.07 Hymenolepis nana were recovered out of ten mice, compared with 8.14 in the control group. In the rat treatment group no Hymenolepis nana were found in ten rats, while the control group showed a geometric mean of 6.23. Nitroscanate was found to be effective 100% and 86.8% at the treatment of H. nana infection in rats and mice respectively.     

云南省珍稀畜种资源--独龙牛保护与研究工作现状及对策

独龙牛又叫大额牛，是牛亚科黄牛属中一个独立的牛种，在中国仅分布于云南省独龙江流域，目前总数已达800余头，本文详细调查了独龙牛的外貌特征。生活习性，繁殖性能，产肉性能及肉品质特性及其饲养管理。并对独龙牛资源的保护，开发与利用提出了自己的建议。     

儿茶素在家兔体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

对家兔单剂量静注和灌服儿茶素 (Catechin) 2 5mg/kg体重各 5只。用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度。房室模型分析表明静注给药后的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型 ,主要动力学参数为 :t1 / 2α=( 0 .1 5± 0 .0 1 )h ,t1 / 2 β=( 0 .5 8± 0 .0 2 )h ,Vc=( 1 .41± 0 .0 8)L ,Vβ=( 2 .97±0 .1 1 )L ,ClB=( 3.5 3± 0 .1 0 )L/h ,AUC =( 1 6.95± 1 .5 2 )mg/(L·h)。灌服儿茶素的药时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 / 2Ka=( 0 .39± 0 .0 6)h ,t1 / 2Ke=( 0 .79±0 .1 1 )h ,tmax=( 0 .78± 0 .1 1 )h ,Cmax=( 3.35± 0 .1 6)mg/L ,AUC =( 7.45± 0 .94)mg/(L·h) ,F =( 4 4.1 8± 3.5 9) %。儿茶素在健康家兔体内的药动学特征是 :吸收迅速 ,达峰时间短 ,消除快 ,半衰期短 ,表观分布容积较大 ,口服摄入吸收不完全     

Phytopathogenic fungi new for southern Anatolia,Turkey

Twenty-nine new records are reported from Turkey. The fungi species, including their macro-and microscopic features and distributions, are described. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.     

First genetic characterization of equine adenovirus type 1 (EAdV-1) in Turkey

Equine adenovirus type 1 (EAdV-1) is a cause of repiratory tract infection in equids. In present study for the first time in Turkey, the prevalence of EAdV-1 in nasal swab samples obtained from horses showing respiratory symptoms was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and molecular characterization of the hexon gene detected in the Turkish (TR) strain was performed. Overall, the prevalence of EAdV-1 was found low (1.4%) as indicated by a positive PCR reaction from the nasal swab extracts tested. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial sequences of the hexon gene of a TR-EAdV-1 strain with those of previously isolated AdVs from different mammals and an EAdV-1 M1 strain showed that the EAdV-1 strains were placed into a unique cluster. Although the TR-EAdV-1 strain was closely related to CAV-1, CAV-2 and bat adenovirus reference strains, larger-scale studies are necessary to better understand the molecular epidemiology and population structure of EAdV-1 in Turkey.     

Detection of stapylococcal enterotoxin,methicillin-resistant and Panton–Valentine leukocidin genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cows and ewes with subclinical mastitis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most prevalent mastitis pathogens. However, virulence characteristics of CNS have not been well determined. The presence of genes for enterotoxins (sea-sej), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), the exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), Panton–Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and mecA of CNS species isolated from cows and ewes with subclinical mastitis was investigated in this study. A total of 121 CNS (81 cows, 40 ewes) representing 18 different Staphylococci species were examined by PCR, and 38.1% (33 cows and 13 ewes) of CNS isolates had one or more se genes. The difference between percentages for SE toxin genes of CNS strains isolated from cows (40.7%) and ewes (32.5%) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05; χ ² = 0.380). It was found that S. simulans isolates had the highest prevalent se genes. Furthermore, the most common SE gene types was seh-sej. In this study, none of the isolates harbored the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tsst) and the exfoliative toxin genes (eta, etb). Five cow (6.17%) and three ewe CNS (7.5%) isolates had mecA gene. Three cow (3.7%) and two ewe CNS (5.0%) isolates had pvl gene. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS species isolated from cows and ewes could serve as potential reservoir of se, mecA, and pvl genes.     

Phytophthora citrophthora,a new pathogen causing decline on horse chestnut in Turkey

Dieback symptoms were observed on horse chestnut trees planted approximately 40 years ago in Ankara, Turkey. Lesions at the stem bases of the affected trees were similar to those of ink disease on sweet chestnut. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated from the fine roots and soil samples collected around the stem bases by baiting using chestnut leaves. The pathogen was identified as Phytophthora citrophthora based on several morphological features and DNA sequences of the ITS region. Pathogenicity of P. citrophthora was tested by stem inoculation on 3‐year‐old horse chestnut saplings. P. citrophthora produced large cankers in 20 days and killed 40% of the saplings. This is the first report of P. citrophthora causing dieback on horse chestnut.