饲料用复合氨基酸螯合锌的制备工艺研究

利用饲料级豆粕通过硫酸水解来获得复合氨基酸,与硫酸锌反应制备复合氨基酸螯合锌,作为新一代饲料添加剂。通过pH值滴定曲线等方法,研究了不同因素对复合氨基酸螯合锌合成的影响。确定了在pH值7.1,游离氨基酸总量与锌摩尔比为2:1时,螯合率可达到92%以上。     

From killer to carer: steroid hormones and paternal behaviour

Mammalian parental investment (i.e. care of descendant offspring) is largely biased towards maternal contributions due to the specific feeding needs of mammalian offspring; however, varying degrees of paternal investment have been reported in about 10% of all mammalian species. Within the order Carnivora, paternal contribution to rearing offspring is particularly high: an estimated 32% of all studied carnivore species exhibit direct paternal care. Despite the prominence of paternal investment in carnivores, the endocrine basis of this behaviour is not well understood. This review examines the current – highly constrained – state of knowledge about the endocrine basis of carnivore paternal investment. We attempt to link changes in androgen and glucocorticoid levels with variation in direct and indirect paternal care behaviour making specific predictions regarding the way forward. Well-studied species, such as bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis), dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) and meerkats (Suricata suricatta), where social dynamics are relatively well understood, can act as ideal model systems through which we may further investigate the endocrine basis of paternal investment in carnivores.     

Metal accumulation in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) from Thohoyandou,Limpopo province,South Africa

Studies on metal pollution (cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese and nickel) in South African terrestrial environments are severely lacking. Due to being relatively unaffected by industrialisation, the Thohoyandou region may provide data on natural levels of metals for use as baseline data. The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) was chosen as a bio-indicator of metal pollution due to its abundance, non-migratory lifestyle and close association with humans. The aims were to determine the viability of using feathers as a non-lethal bio-indicator tissue compared with muscle. Plume feathers, flight feathers and muscle tissue were analysed using ICP-OES techniques. Analyses of tissue metal concentrations identified the following trend: plume feather > flight feather > muscle tissue. Within the Thohoyandou region, Magondi, which was affected by anthropogenic activities at the time of sampling, had significantly higher concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) for each of the metals, indicating potential metal contamination from various sources. Alternatively, Makonde had the lowest metal concentrations and may be an important reference site for future comparative studies. The results showed that the House Sparrow can be used as a bio-indicator organism in South African terrestrial environments. The plume feathers indicate that they are a good non-lethal tissue for determining metal pollution levels on a temporal scale, indicating recent metal exposure.     

Dietary supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract enhances gut health in weanling piglets

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut health in weanling piglets by examining diarrhea frequency, intestinal microbiota and morphology. A total of 96 Duroc× (Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.4 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 4 duplicates of 8 piglets each. The piglets were fed basal diet to which had been added 0 or 1 g/kg of ASE, or 0.7 g/kg antibiotics, respectively. Fecal consistence was monitored twice daily and the frequency of diarrhea was calculated. On day 21 after the initiation of supplementation, 8 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment group (2 piglets per pen) and slaughtered. The jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum were then excised and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution to determine villus height and crypt depth, after their contents were collected to determine microbiota. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ASE increased (P < 0.05) the density of bacterial populations that co-migrated with Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium lituseburens, but decreased (P < 0.05) those co-migrating with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Ruminococcus forques, and E. coli O157:H7 in the PCR-DGGE profiling analysis when compared with the control group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased (P < 0.05) by 14.8, 13.7 and 10.0%, while the crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) by 17.9, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to dietary ASE supplementation. Additionally dietary supplementation with ASE or an antibiotic decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency of diarrhea by 55.6 and 52.2%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with ASE could regulate the microbiota composition and maintain a normal morphology of gut mucosa in weanling piglets, thereby decreasing diarrhea that resulted from weaning stress.     

不同形态及不同粗纤维水平日粮对1～50日龄鸵鸟生长性能的影响

比较不同形态及不同粗纤维水平日粮对1～50日龄鸵鸟生产性能的影响,为鸵鸟雏鸟的全价颗粒饲粮配制提供试验论证及合理的粗纤维水平数据。选取1日龄健康的鸵鸟160只,随机分为4个处理(1个对照组,3个试验组),每处理4个重复,每重复10只雏鸟,对照组日粮形态为精料(粗纤维为5%)+苜蓿青草,3个试验组的日粮形态为全价颗粒饲料(其粗纤维水平分别为4%、5%、6%)。饲喂精料+苜蓿青草形态日粮的雏鸟体增重和饲料效率显著高于饲喂全价颗粒饲料的各处理(P0.05),并且没有雏鸟死亡;3个不同粗纤维水平的颗粒料的采食量和体增重的差异都不显著(P0.05),其中粗纤维水平为5%的颗粒饲料饲喂的效果相对较好,但该组的死亡率最高,为15.0%。以精料+苜蓿青草形态的日粮饲喂1～50日龄鸵鸟的效果好于饲喂全价颗粒饲料的效果;全价颗粒饲料粗纤维水平过低会引起鸵鸟雏鸟的粪干便秘并造成死亡,本试验表明,1～50日龄鸵鸟饲料中的粗纤维水平不宜低于6%。     

几种中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝免疫功能和生长性能的影响

将300尾13～17g的健康黄鳝(Monopterus albus)随机分为1个对照组和4个试验组,每组3个重复,试验组分别饲喂添加有茯苓、五加皮、黄芪以及这3种中药的混合物的饲料。经30d饲养后,结果表明,茯苓、黄芪及五加皮可使黄鳝血液白细胞的吞噬活性、血清的溶菌酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05);同时,五加皮、黄芪、茯苓及这3种中药的混合物均对黄鳝增重有显著促进作用(P<0.05),其中五加皮对黄鳝的增重最为明显。     

硒锌联合应用对奶牛抗氧化功能的影响

为探讨元素硒锌联合应用对奶牛抗氧化系统的影响及锌硒在奶牛体内代谢的相互关系,选择１５头荷斯坦奶牛进行为期３个月的试验,实验以每组５头随机分为三组：对照组,饲喂基础日粮;加硒组,日粮添加亚硒酸钠０．２２ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料;加硒加锌组,在加硒组基础上添加硫酸锌１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料。结果显示,加硒组及加硒加锌组奶牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性在实验期内大于对照组,差异显著;加     

利用盆栽植物来净化室内新地板所释放甲醛的研究

今天甲醛已成为我国室内环境的主要污染物,而本研究的主要目的是利用盆栽植物来净化室内新地板所释放于空气中超标的甲醛。利用两个体积同为40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm 的透明硬塑料密封箱来模拟室内环境,其中一个箱内分别放入两种常见的室内观赏盆栽植物（绿叶吊兰 Chlorophytum comosum 和 绿萝 Scindapsus aureus) 以及从市面上新购的复合木地板; 另一个箱只放入木地板作为空白对照箱。再利用甲醛检测仪监控两个箱内以及箱外甲醛浓度随时间的变化,从而评价该植物对新木地板所释放出甲醛的净化能力。实验结果表明,两种室内盆栽植物都有良好净化甲醛能力。它们分别在11 – 13 h 后,便能完全净化复合木地板所释放出的甲醛,净化甲醛效率是0.075 – 0.108 mg/m3.h, 而且发现绿萝比绿叶吊兰具有更好的净化甲醛效率。     

福建省储藏物螨类调查

对福建省２７个县、市、区的１１０个单位的储藏物进行螨类的种类、分布、危害及人出率帛样调查研究,查清了福建省储藏物螨类种类５７种,录属３个亚目,１９个科,３６个属。其中属国内瓣记录７种,常见优势螨９种,主要害螨４种。其分布广,遍布全省。危害储藏物达４５种,且较严重。     

温室智能灌溉控制系统的应用研究与展望

当前,智能灌溉控制系统多采用定时控制,即到达开启时间,设备工作,达到灌溉时长,设备停止,在一定程度上实现了自动化灌溉,但由于作物在不同生长时期的需水量不同,灌溉控制系统难以生成与作物需求一致的灌溉方案。我国温室智能灌溉技术起步较晚,还没有大范围应用,而已经采用智能灌溉的地区,其控制方式及控制策略也不同。本文以智能灌溉控制系统为出发点,阐述了温室智能灌溉控制系统的组成、问题等,并展望了其未来的发展。