Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

喷锌对蕹菜锌含量及产量的影响

不同喷施浓度及喷施次数对蕹菜产量及茎叶锌含量的影响结果表明：喷施０．０５％及０．１％的硫酸锌液均能提高蕹菜的产量,但以０．０５％的处理对产量的提高作用最明显,浓度超过０．１％时,对蕹菜生长有抑制作用提高喷锌浓度,蕹菜锌含量的增加为叶片大于茎;喷施１～２次,有明显的增产效果,喷施超过２次反而减产;随着喷施次数的增加,蕹菜锌含量也增加。     

耐热黄瓜新品种'津优4号'

‘津优４号’为耐热型黄瓜杂交种,夏季在３４～３６℃高温下可正常发育。对枯萎病、霜毒病、白粉病的抗性强,适合华北地区春露地及秋露地和越夏栽培。植株生长势强,春露地栽培产量可达７５ｔ／ｈｍ＾２。果实棒状,长３０ｃｍ左右,单瓜量１５０ｇ左右。商品性好,瓜色深绿,有光泽;瘤显著,密生白刺;果肉浅绿色,质脆,味甜,品质优。     

红鳞蒲桃苗木生长和生理生化特征对不同盐分和干旱胁迫的响应

以1年生红鳞蒲桃盆栽苗木为研究对象,设置不同盐胁迫浓度及干旱程度,研究盐旱交互作用对红鳞蒲桃苗木的高、地径生长和各项生理指标的影响。结果表明：干旱和盐胁迫都抑制了红鳞蒲桃的生长,盐胁迫的影响要大于干旱胁迫,高生长受到的限制大于地径生长,2 g/kg盐分浓度在水分充足条件下促进了地径生长。相对电导率和丙二醛含量均随着干旱和盐胁迫的增强而增大。不同盐分浓度下,干旱胁迫对相对电导率的影响趋势一致,不同盐分胁迫的影响差异不显著。高盐浓度下丙二醛含量的增加显著大于低盐浓度,表明盐胁迫对红鳞蒲桃的伤害更大;红鳞蒲桃的渗透调节物质在干旱和盐交互胁迫下有一定程度的提高。水分充足时,盐分浓度的变化没有对红鳞蒲桃的游离脯氨酸含量产生影响。随着胁迫的增加,渗透调节能力显著提高。低盐浓度下,抗氧化酶活性在水分充足时没有受到显著影响,高盐浓度下,随着干旱胁迫的加剧则显著提高。     

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.     

糖厂节能的措施与方向

本文根据国内甘蔗糖业的状况,分析讨论了糖厂节能工作的主要问题,包括管理、设备、工艺等方面糖厂节能,近期、中期和较远期的工作.     

黑龙江省大豆孢囊线虫（Heterod erag lyicines）生理小种分布的研究

本课题组对黑龙江省６５个市、县土样中存在的孢囊线虫，利用国际上通用的一套鉴别寄主，进行小种鉴定，共鉴定出６３个市县的孢囊线虫为３号小种，１个县为６号小种，１个县为７号小种，基本明确了黑龙江省大豆孢囊线虫生理小种类型与分布，为我省的抗线虫品种选育与合理布局提供了科学依据。     

Generation of a uniform thymic malignant lymphoma model with C57BL/6J p53 gene deficient mice

Lymphoma is the third most common cancer diagnosed in children, and T-cell lymphoma has the worst prognosis based on clinical observations. To date, a lymphoma model with uniform penetrance has not yet been developed. In this study, we generated a p53 deficient mouse model by targeting embryonic stem cells derived from a C57BL/6J mouse strain. Homozygous p53 deficient mice exhibited a higher rate of spontaneous tumorigenesis, with a high spontaneous occurrence rate (93.3%) of malignant lymphoma. Because tumor models with high phenotypic consistency are currently needed, we generated a lymphoma model by a single intraperitoneal injection of 37.5 or 75 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to p53 deficient mice. Lymphoma and retinal degeneration occurred in 100% of p53^+/− mice administered with higher concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a much greater response than those of previously reported models. The main anatomic sites of lymphoma were the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Both induced and spontaneous lymphomas in the thymus and spleen stained positive for CD3 antigen, and flow cytometry detected positive CD4 and/or CD8 cells. Based on our observations and previous data, we hypothesize that mice with a B6 background are prone to lymphomagenesis.     

驼背鲈人工育苗技术初探

选取网箱驯养的野生驼背鲈亲鱼,经过强化培育,采用HCG催熟,网箱中自然产卵受精,采用池塘蓄水和室内玻璃钢水槽培育相结合的方法,成功繁育出驼背鲈3 cm左右鱼苗3万尾,繁育成功的关键技术是亲鱼的驯养和强化,控制好水质,提供适口、营养丰富的开口饵料生物.     

苹果套袋综合管理技术措施

苹果套袋综合管理技术包括套袋前的管理、套袋操作技术、摘袋后的管理,每一环节缺一不可,各环节组装配套,形成果实套袋配套技术。