饲粮添加过瘤胃赖氨酸和过瘤胃蛋氨酸对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加过瘤胃赖氨酸(rumen protected lysine,RPLys)和过瘤胃蛋氨酸(rumen protec-ted methionine,RPMet)对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响.选择15头泌乳前期、健康状态良好的奶水牛,按品种、产奶量、产犊时间及胎次相近的原则随机分成5组,每组3头.采用5×5拉丁方试验设计,试验分5期(每期持续21 d),5个饲粮处理分别为对照1(基础饲粮1,精料粗蛋白质水平=16%)、对照2(基础饲粮2,精料粗蛋白质水平=20%);处理1(基础饲粮1+RPLys 40 g/d);处理2(基础饲粮1+RPMet 15 g/d)、处理3(基础饲粮1+RPLys30 g/d+RPMet 6 g/d).结果表明:1)与对照1比较,添加RPLys、RPMet对泌乳水牛产奶量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但能在一定程度上提高泌乳水牛的产奶量,其中单独添加RPLys效果较好.与对照1和对照2相比,处理1的产奶量分别提高了10.0%和5.9%.2)添加RPLys、RPMet对泌乳水牛干物质采食量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05).3)添加RPLys和RPMet能提高泌乳奶牛乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳总固形物、乳非脂固形物含量,其中对乳蛋白率的影响差异显著(P<0.05).与对照1相比,处理1、处理2和处理3的乳蛋白率分别提高了29.0%(P>0.05)、36.8%(P<0.05)和54.3%(P<0.05);与对照2相比,处理1、处理2和处理3的乳蛋白率分别提高了3.9%(P>0.05)、10.2%(P>0.05)和24.4%(P>0.05).综上所述,泌乳水牛饲粮中添加RPLys和RPMet能一定程度提高泌乳水牛的生产性能,改善乳品质.     

贝加尔针茅草原植物多样性及土壤养分对放牧干扰的响应

以贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis Roshev.)草甸草原为研究对象,研究不同强度放牧干扰对贝加尔针茅草原群落植物多样性、土壤理化性状及养分特征的影响。结果表明:随着放牧强度的增加,群落物种数、植物多样性和植被盖度均显著降低;放牧干扰对土壤理化性状的影响主要表现在,随着放牧强度的增加,土壤容重升高,土壤含水量减小,重度放牧草地土壤容重增加到1.35g/cm³,含水量仅为12.37%;放牧导致土壤有机碳格局发生改变,轻度放牧下表层(0-10cm)土壤有机碳含量逐渐降低,但有机碳向深层土壤的转移量增加,深层土壤(10-20cm、20-30cm)有机碳含量均显著高于其它样地,且整个剖面土壤有机碳含量较对照样地提高了7.19%。土壤全氮含量(0-10cm、10-20cm)在轻度放时有所增加,中度放牧全氮含量显著高于其它样地,全磷含量除了在重度放牧时显著降低,在其它样地间均无显著差异。研究表明植物多样性、地上地下生物量的增加及土壤有机碳格局的改变是贝加尔针茅草原对轻度放牧干扰的一种响应,而重度放牧,草地植物多样性减少、植被盖度降低、土壤物理性状发生改变、养分资源趋于匮乏,草地出现退化的迹象。     

温度对发草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了探讨发草种子的萌发特性,研究了不同恒温和变温对发草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,发草种子的千粒质量为0.274 g。较高温度有利于发草种子萌发,较低温度萌发速率较慢。25/15℃变温条件下发芽率最高可达98%,为发草种子最适宜萌发温度;10℃下发芽率最低,为61%。发草种子标准发芽试验初次和末次统计时间分别为第7 d和15 d;25℃条件下芽长最长为2.63 cm;25/15℃条件下根长最长,达到1.29 cm;30/5℃条件下的芽长、根长最短,分别为0.31 cm和0.25 cm。     

复相乳化法制备明胶微囊蛋氨酸的工艺初探

以明胶和羧甲基纤维素钠为包囊材料,蛋氨酸为芯材采用复相乳化法制备蛋氨酸微胶囊。应用均匀实验设计分析了微胶囊制备过程主要影响因素及适宜的工艺条件,得出明胶溶液浓度对微囊的形成影响较大,优化参数得出蛋氨酸微胶囊载药量为61.30%。     

Molecular phylogenetic studies on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theileria</Emphasis> spp. isolates (China) based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences

Six Theileria spp. from cattle, buffalo and black goat were identified in the Hubei province of China. In order to study the taxonomic status of these parasites, phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA genes were carried out. The 18S rRNA genes from each isolate were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and the approximate 1.75 kb products were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of these gene sequences revealed that the five parasites from buffalo and cattle belonged to the Theileria sergenti/buffeli/orientalis group. The parasite from the Chinese goat (Macheng-Hubei, DQ286802) was closely related to Theileria luwenshuni isolated from sheep in the north of China. This represent the first report on the use of molecular phylogeny to classify Theileria spp. obtained in the Hubei province, showing that Theileria spp. from ruminants found in Hubei province belongs to the benign group of Theileria spp.     

NA-1株鹅源副黏病毒表面结构蛋白HN的真核表达

应用特异性引物,从鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株中扩增出HN蛋白基因,PCR产物纯化后克隆入pGEM-T载体,得到重组质粒pTHN。用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切pTHN,回收目的基因HN片段并将其定向克隆到pPICZαA中,构建重组质粒pPICZαAHN。用SacⅠ酶切pPICZαAHN使其线性化,并电击转化至感受态毕赤酵母细胞GS115。PCR法鉴定阳性重组子,用1%甲醇诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析。结果在酵母菌培养基上清中检测到相对分子质量为63000的重组蛋白,且该重组蛋白可与NA-1株病毒多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应,表明NA-1的HN蛋白片段在Pichiapastoris中获得成功表达。     

猪β_2-肾上腺素能受体初级克隆质粒的改造与鉴定

猪 β2 肾上腺素能受体 (beta2 adrenergicreceptor,β2 AR)基因初级克隆质粒 (pMDAR)在 β2 AR基因 5′端外侧含有 2个EcoRⅠ酶切位点。用EcoRⅠ酶切消化和T4DNA连接酶连接后 ,获得了具有EcoRⅠ单一酶切位点的改造质粒。对经过修饰后的质粒进行了多酶切和 β2 AR基因片段回切等方法鉴定。     

Incursion of bluetongue virus into the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia

Bluetongue virus was isolated from a sentinel herd in British Columbia. Virus isolation was by intravenous inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs and subculture in BHK-21 cells. The cytopathic agent was identified as bluetongue virus by electron microscopy and the immunoperoxidase test. The serotype was identified as serotype 11 by virus neutralization.     

精细农业技术思想在草地资源管理中的应用

把精细农业技术思想应用在草地资源调查,利用GPS和GIS精确采集数据和管理数据,是草地资源科学管理和可持续发展的基础和手段.草地土壤理化指标丰缺分布图的绘制,为精细农业技术思想的实施奠定基础.草地调查实验表明,在草地资源管理中应用精细农业技术是可行的,被调查草地土壤磷含量缺乏.     

Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves

Fifteen dairy farms in seven states on the east coast of the US were each visited on two consecutive years to determinate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in pre-weaned (5 days to 2 months) and post-weaned calves (3-11 months), respectively. After each of 971 fecal specimens collected directly from each calf was sieved and subjected to density gradient centrifugation to remove debris and concentrate oocysts, specimens were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For all PCR-positive specimens the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium was sequenced. Cryptosporidium was identified from all farms. Types of housing appeared to have no influence with regard to prevalence of infection. Of 971 calves, 345 were infected with Cryptosporidium (35.5%), but more pre-weaned calves (253 of 503; 50.3%) than post-weaned calves (92 of 468; 19.7%) were found to be infected. A total of 278 PCR-positive specimens characterized by gene sequencing revealed Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, and two unnamed Cryptosporidium genotypes Bovine B (AY120911) and deer-like genotype (AY120910). The prevalence of these Cryptosporidium species and genotypes appeared to be age related between pre- and post-weaned calves. C. parvum, the only zoonotic species/genotype, constituted 85% of the Cryptosporidium infections in pre-weaned calves but only 1% of the Cryptosporidium infections in post-weaned calves. These findings clearly demonstrate that earlier reports on the presence and prevalence of C. parvum in post-weaned cattle that were based solely on oocyst morphology must be reassessed using molecular methods to validate species and genotype. This finding also indicates that persons handling or otherwise exposed to calves under 2 months of age are at greater risk of zoonotic infection from Cryptosporidium than the risk of infection from exposure to older calves.